Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T01:44:28.910Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Public Reactions to Noncompliance with Judicial Orders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 August 2021

RYAN E. CARLIN*
Affiliation:
Georgia State University, United States
MARIANA CASTRELLÓN*
Affiliation:
Stanford University, United States
VARUN GAURI*
Affiliation:
Princeton University, United States
ISABEL C. JARAMILLO SIERRA*
Affiliation:
Universidad de los Andes, Colombia
JEFFREY K. STATON*
Affiliation:
Emory University, United States
*
Ryan E. Carlin, Professor, Department of Political Science, Georgia State University, United States, [email protected].
Mariana Castrellón, JSD Candidate, Stanford Law School, Stanford University, United States, [email protected].
Varun Gauri, Lecturer, School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, United States, [email protected].
Isabel Cristina Jaramillo Sierra, Profesor Titular, Facultad de Derecho, Universidad de los Andes, Colombia, [email protected].
Jeffrey K. Staton, Professor, Department of Political Science, Emory University, United States, [email protected].

Abstract

Constitutions empower people to ask judges for binding orders directing state agents to remedy rights violations, but state agents do not always comply. Scholars propose that by making it easier to observe noncompliance, courts can leverage public pressure for compliance when it exists. Yet, exposure to information about noncompliance might lead individuals to accept high levels of noncompliance and reduce support for judicial remedies. We estimate the rate of noncompliance with judges’ orders via a rigorous tracking study of the Colombian tutela. We then embed this rate in three survey experiments fielded with online national quota samples. We show that people find the noncompliance rate in the tutela highly unacceptable regardless of a variety of mitigating factors. We also show that public reactions to this information depend on prior expectations, a finding that stresses the importance of scholarship in cognitive psychology for studies of compliance in law and politics.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Political Science Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Baker, Richard D. 1971. Judicial Review in Mexico: A Study of the Amparo Suit. Austin: University of Texas Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beim, Deborah, Hirsch, Alexander V., and Kastellec, Jonathan P. 2014. “Whistleblowing and Compliance in the Judicial Hierarchy.” American Journal of Political Science 58 (4): 904–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botero, Sandra. 2018. “Judges, Litigants, and the Politics of Rights Enforcement in Argentina.” Comparative Politics 50 (2): 169–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer-Carías, Allan R. 2009. Constitutional Protection of Human Rights in Latin America: A Comparative Study of Amparo Proceedings . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brinks, Daniel M., and Gauri, Varun. 2014. “The Laws Majestic Equality? The Distributive Impact of Judicializing Social and Economic Rights.” Perspectives on Politics 12 (2): 375–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cano-Blandón, Luisa Fernanda. 2017. “Constitucionalismo experimentaly protección del derecho al agua en Colombia.” PhD diss. Universidad de los Andes, Colombia.Google Scholar
Carlin, Ryan E., Castrellón, Mariana, Gauri, Varun, Sierra, Isabel Cristina Jaramillo, and Staton, Jeffrey K.. 2021. “Replication Data for: Public Reactions to Noncompliance with Judicial Orders.” Harvard Dataverse. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/LCCOH6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrubba, Clifford J. 2005. “Courts and Compliance in International Regulatory Regimes.” Journal of Politics 67 (3): 669–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrubba, Clifford J. 2009. “A Model of the Endogenous Development of Judicial Institutions in Federal and International Systems.” Journal of Politics 71 (1): 115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrubba, Clifford J., and Gabel, Matthew J.. 2015. International Courts and the Performance of International Agreements: A General Theory with Evidence from the European Union . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cavallaro, James L., and Brewer, Stephanie Erin. 2008. “Reevaluating Regional Human Rights Litigation in the Twenty-first Century: The Case of the Inter-American Court.” American Journal of International Law 102 (4): 768827.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chayes, Abram, and Chayes, Antonia Handler. 1993. “On Compliance.” International Organization 47 (2): 175205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chitalkar, Poorvi, and Gauri, Varun. 2017. “India: Compliance with Orders on the Right to Food.” Social Rights Judgments and the Politics of Compliance: Making it Stick, eds. Langford, Malcolm, Rodríguez-Garavito, César, and Rossi, Julieta, 288314. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Damore, David F. 1997. “A Dynamic Model of Candidate Fundraising: The Case of Presidential Nomination Campaigns.” Political Research Quarterly 50 (2): 343–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dancy, Geoff, and Montal, Florencia. 2017. “Unintended Positive Complementarity: Why International Criminal Court Investigations May Increase Domestic Human Rights Prosecutions.” American Journal of International Law 111 (3): 689723.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, Rosalind, and Issacharoff, Samuel. 2016. “Living to Fight Another Day: Judicial Deferral in Defense of Democracy.New York School of Law Public Research Paper 16–01.Google Scholar
Downs, George W., Rocke, David M., and Barsoom, Peter N.. 1996. “Is the Good News about Compliance Good News about Cooperation?International Organization 50 (3): 379406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Driscoll, Amanda, and Nelson, Michael J.. 2019. “The Costs (and Benefits) of Court Curbing: Experimental Evidence from the United States.” Unpublished Manuscript.Google Scholar
Dugard, Jackie. 2015. “Closing the Doors of Justice: An Examination of the Constitutional Court’s Approach to Direct Access, 1995–2013.” South African Journal on Human Rights 31 (1): 112–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epp, Charles R. 1998. The Rights Revolution: Lawyers, Activists, and Supreme Courts in Comparative Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erevelles, Sunil, and Leavitt, Clark. 1992. “A Comparison of Current Models of Consumer Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction.” Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior 5 (10): 104–14.Google Scholar
Fox, Donald T., and Stetson, Anne. 1992. “The 1991 Constitutional Reform: Prospects for Democracy and the Rule of Law in Colombia.” Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 24 (2): 139–63.Google Scholar
Gelbach, Jonah B., and Marcus, David. 2017. “Rethinking Judicial Review of High Volume Agency Adjudication.” Texas Law Review 96 (6): 10971162.Google Scholar
Gentili, Gianluca. 2010. “A Comparative Perspective on Direct Access to Constitutional and Supreme Courts in Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America: Assessing Advantages for the Italian Constitutional Court.” Penn State International Law Review 29 (4): 705–58.Google Scholar
Gibson, James L. 2015. “Legitimacy is for Losers: The Interconnections of Institutional Legitimacy, Performance Evaluations, and the Symbols of Judicial Authority.” Motivating Cooperation and Compliance with Authority: The Role of Institutional Trust, eds. Bornstein, Brian H. and Tomkins, Alan J., 81116. Cham, CH: Springer.Google Scholar
Gibson, James L., Caldeira, Gregory A., and Baird, Vanessa A.. 1998. “On the Legitimacy of National High Courts.” American Political Science Review 92 (2): 343–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, James L., and Nelson, Michael J.. 2014. “The Legitimacy of the US Supreme Court: Conventional Wisdoms and Recent Challenges Thereto.” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 10: 201–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, James L., Lodge, Milton, and Woodson, Benjamin. 2014. “Losing, but Accepting: Legitimacy, Positivity Theory, and the Symbols of Judicial Authority.” Law & Society Review 48 (4): 837–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, Darren, and Jacoby, Wade. 2010. “Partial Compliance: A Comparison of the European and Inter-American American Courts for Human Rights.” Journal of International Law and International Relations 6 (1): 3585.Google Scholar
Hilbink, Lisa, Gallagher, Janice, Sanin, Juliana Restrepo, and Salas, Valentina. 2019. “Engaging Justice amidst Inequality in Latin America.” OpenGlobalRights.org, April 4. https://www.openglobalrights.org/engaging-justice-amidst-inequality-in-latin-america/.Google Scholar
Hillebrecht, Courtney. 2014. Domestic Politics and International Human Rights Tribunals: The Problem of Compliance . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Huneeus, Alexandra. 2011. “Courts Resisting Courts: Lessons from the Inter-American Court’s Struggle to Enforce Human Rights.” Cornell International Law Journal 3 (3): 493534.Google Scholar
Jung, Courtney, Hirschl, Ran, and Rosevear, Evan. 2014. “Economic and Social Rights In National Constitutions.” The American Journal of Comparative Law 62 (4): 1043–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahneman, Daniel, and Tversky, Amos. 1979. “Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk.” Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society 47 (2): 263–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kapiszewski, Diana, and Taylor, Matthew M.. 2013. “Compliance: Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Explaining Adherence to Judicial Rulings.” Law & Social Inquiry 38 (4): 803–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kastellec, Jonathan P. 2007. “Panel Composition and Judicial Compliance on the US Courts of Appeals.” The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization 2 (2): 421–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krehbiel, Jay N. 2016. “The Politics of Judicial Procedures: The Role of Public Oral Hearings in the German Constitutional Court.” American Journal of Political Science. 60(4): 9901005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landau, David. 2005. “The Two Discourses in Colombian Constitutional Jurisprudence: A New Approach to Modeling Judicial Behavior in Latin America.” George Washington International Law Review 37(3): 687744.Google Scholar
Law, David S., and Versteeg, Mila. 2011. “The Evolution and Ideology of Global Constitutionalism.” California Law Review 99(5): 11631257.Google Scholar
Law, David S., and Versteeg, Mila. 2013. “Sham Constitutions.” California Law Review 101(4): 863952.Google Scholar
Medvec, Victoria Husted, Madey, Scott F., and Gilovich, Thomas. 1995. “When Less Is More: Counterfactual Thinking and Satisfaction among Olympic Medalists.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 (4): 603–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Melton, James, Elkins, Zachary, Ginsburg, Tom, and Leetaru, Kalev. 2013. “On the Interpretability of Law: Lessons from the Decoding of National Constitutions.” British Journal of Political Science 43 (2): 399423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merhof, Katrin. 2015. “Building a Bridge Between Reality and the Constitution: The Establishment and Development of the Colombian Constitutional Court.” International Journal of Constitutional Law 13 (3): 714–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, Kristina, and Tyler, Tom. 2008. “Procedural Justice and Compliance Behaviour: The Mediating Role of Emotions.” European Journal of Social Psychology 38 (4): 652–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagin, Daniel S., and Telep, Cody W.. 2017. “Procedural Justice and Legal Compliance.” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 13: 528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raz, Joseph. 1977. “The Rule of Law and its Virtue.” Law Quarterly Review 93 (2): 195211.Google Scholar
Ríos-Figueroa, Julio. 2016. Constitutional Courts as Mediators: Armed Conflict, Civil-Military Relations, and the Rule of Law in Latin America . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodríguez-Garavito, César. 2010. “Beyond the Courtroom: The Impact of Judicial Activism on Socioeconomic Rights in Latin America.” Texas Law Review 89 (7): 1669–98.Google Scholar
Rodríguez-Garavito, César, and Rodríguez-Franco, Diana. 2015. Radical Deprivation on Trial: The Impact of Judicial Activism on Socioeconomic Rights in the Global South. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubio, Luis, Magaloni, Beatriz, and Jaime, Edna. 1994. A la puerta de la ley: El estado de derecho en México. Mexico City: Cal y Arena.Google Scholar
Sarsfield, Rodolfo. 2012. “The Bribe Game: Microfoundations of Corruption in Mexico.” Justice System Journal 33 (2): 215–34.Google Scholar
Schor, Miguel. 2011. “An Essay on the Emergence of Constitutional Courts: The Cases of Mexico and Colombia.” Revista de Economa Institucional 13 (24): 85109.Google Scholar
Shepperd, James A., and McNulty, James K.. 2002. “The Affective Consequences of Expected and Unexpected Outcomes.” Psychological Science 13 (1): 8588.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spreng, Richard A., MacKenzie, Scott B., and Olshavsky, Richard W.. 1996. “A Reexamination of the Determinants of Consumer Satisfaction.” The Journal of Marketing 60 (3): 1532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spriggs, James F. 1997. “Explaining Federal Bureaucratic Compliance with Supreme Court Opinions.” Political Research Quarterly 50 (3): 567–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staton, Jeffrey K. 2010. Judicial Power and Strategic Communication in Mexico. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staton, Jeffrey K., and Vanberg, Georg. 2008. “The Value of Vagueness: Delegation, Defiance, and Judicial Opinions.” American Journal of Political Science 52 (3): 504–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staton, Jeffrey K., Gauri, Varun, and Cullell, Jorge Vargas. 2015. “The Costa Rican Supreme Court’s Compliance Monitoring System.” Journal of Politics 77 (3): 774–86.Google Scholar
Svolik, Milan W. 2020. “When Polarization Trumps Civic Virtue: Partisan Conflict and the Subversion of Democracy by Incumbents.” Quarterly Journal of Political Science 15 (1): 331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, Whitney K. 2018. “Ambivalent Legal Mobilization: Perceptions of Justice and the Use of the Tutela in Colombia.” Law and Society Review 52 (2): 337–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trochev, Alexei. 2008. Judging Russia: The Role of the Constitutional Court in Russian Politics 1990–2006 . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyler, Tom R. 1988. “What is Procedural Justice-Criteria Used by Citizens to Assess the Fairness of Legal Procedures.” Law and Society Review 22 (1): 103–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Ryzin, Gregg G. 2004. “Expectations, Performance, and Citizen Satisfaction with Urban Services.” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 23 (3): 433–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vanberg, Georg. 2005. The Politics of Constitutional Review in Germany. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, Bruce. 2011. “Enforcing Rights and Exercising an Accountaiblity Function: Costa Rica’s Constitutional Court.” In Courts in Latin America, eds. Figueroa, Julio Ríos and Helmke, Gretchen, 5580. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, Bruce M., and Rodríguez Cordero, Juan Carlos. 2006. “Legal Opportunity Structures and Social Movements: The Effects of Institutional Change on Costa Rican Politics.” Comparative Political Studies 39 (3): 325–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: Link

Carlin et al. Dataset

Link
Supplementary material: PDF

Carlin et al. supplementary material

Carlin et al. supplementary material

Download Carlin et al. supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 214.4 KB
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.