Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T08:28:43.518Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Coalition-directed Voting in Multiparty Democracies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 December 2010

RAYMOND M. DUCH*
Affiliation:
University of Oxford
JEFF MAY*
Affiliation:
University of Houston
DAVID A. ARMSTRONG II*
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
*
Raymond M. Duch is Professorial Fellow, Nuffield College, and University Professor, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK 0X1 1NF ([email protected]).
Jeff May is a graduate student in the Department of Political Science, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204 ([email protected]).
David A. Armstrong II is Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0413 ([email protected]).

Abstract

Ideology is widely considered to be an important factor in shaping policy outcomes and in influencing election outcomes. We propose a theory of the coalition-directed vote. The argument suggests that voters anticipate the postelection bargains negotiated among potential members of the governing coalition and that these anticipated policy agreements inform their vote choice. Our analysis, based on 86 voter preference surveys from 23 countries and over a 25-year period, confirms that coalition-directed voting occurs with considerable frequency in contexts with multiparty coalition governments.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abramson, Paul R., Aldrich, John H., Blais, Andre, Diamond, Matthew, Diskin, Abraham, Indridason, Indridi, Lee, Daniel, and Levine, Renan. 2010. “Comparing Strategic Voting under FPTP and PR.” Comparative Political Studies 43 (1): 6190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, James, Bishin, Benjamin G., and Dow, Jay K.. 2004. “Representation in Congressional Campaigns: Evidence for Discounting/Directional Voting in U.S. Senate Elections.” Journal of Politics 66: 348–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, James, Clark, Michael, Ezrow, Lawrence, and Glasgow, Garrett. 2004. “Understanding Change and Stability in Party Ideologies: Do Parties Respond to Public Opinion or to Past Election Results?British Journal of Political Science 34: 589610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, James, and Merrill, Samuel III. 1999. “Party Strategies and Policy Representation in Multiparty Elections: Why Are Strategies so Extreme?American Journal of Political Science 43 (3): 765–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, James F., Merrill, Samuel III, and Grofman, Bernard. 2005. A Unified Theory of Party Competition: A Cross-national Analysis Integrating Spatial and Behavioral Factors. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aldrich, John H., Blais, Andre, Indridason, Indridi, and Levine, Renan. 2005. “Coalition Considerations and the Vote.” In Elections in Israel 2003, eds. Asher, Arian and Shamir, Michal. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 143–66.Google Scholar
Alesina, Alberto, and Rosenthal, Howard. 1995. Partisan Politics, Divided Government and the Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alford, Robert R. 1963. Party and Society: The Anglo-American Democracies. Chicago: Rand McNally.Google Scholar
Alt, James E., and Chrystal, K. Alec. 1983. Political Economics. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Alvarez, Michael R., and Nagler, Jonathan. 1998. “When Politics and Models Collide: Estimating Models of Multiparty Elections.” American Journal of Political Science 42: 5596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Robert. 2007. “Kingmaker Set to Shift Denmark's Direction.” Financial Times, November 13.Google Scholar
Armstrong, David, and Duch, Raymond. 2010. “Why Can Voters Anticipate Post-election Coalition Formation Likelihoods?Electoral Studies 29 (3): 308–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Austen-Smith, David, and Banks, Jeffrey. 1988. “Elections, Coalitions and Legislative Outcomes.” American Political Science Review 82: 405–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakker, Ryan, and Armstrong, David A.. 2010. “Missing Data and the Gibbs Sampler: A Simple Approach to Estimating Models with Missing Data.” Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Bakker, Ryan, Edwards, Erica, and Netjes, Catherine. N.d. “Fickle Parties or Changing Dimensions? Testing the Comparability of Party Manifesto Data across Time and Space.” Political Analysis. Forthcoming.Google Scholar
Bargsted, Matias, and Kedar, Orit. 2009. “Coalition-targeted Duvergerian Voting: How Expectations Affect Voter Choice under Proportional Representation.” American Journal of Political Science 53: 307–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benoit, Kenneth, and Laver, Michael. 2007. “Estimating Party Positions: Comparing Expert Surveys and Hand-coded Content Analysis.” Electoral Studies 26 (1): 90107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berinsky, Adam. 1997. “Heterogeneity and Bias in Models of Vote Choice.” Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago.Google Scholar
Blais, Andre, Aldrich, John H., Indridason, Indridi, and Levine, R.. 2006. “Do Voters Vote for Government Coalitions?: Testing Downs' Pessimistic Conclusion.” Party Politics 12: 691705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blais, Andre, Blake, Donald, and Dion, Stephen. 1993. “Do Parties Make a Difference? Parties and the Size of Government in Liberal Democracies.” American Journal of Political Science 37: 4062.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blais, Andre, Nadeau, Richard, Gidengil, Elisabeth, and Nevitte, Neil. 2001. “Measuring Strategic Voting in Multiparty Plurality Elections.” Electoral Studies 20: 343–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borre, Ole. 1984. “Critical Electoral Change in Scandinavia.” In Electoral Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies: Realignment or Dealignment?, eds. Dalton, Russell J., Beck, Paul A., and Flanagan, Scott C.. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 330–64.Google Scholar
Bowler, Shaun, Karp, Jeffrey A., and Donovan, Todd. 2010. “Strategic Coalition Voting: Evidence from New Zealand.” Electoral Studies 29: 350–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brehm, John. 1993. The Phantom Respondents: Opinion Survey and Political Representation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Budge, Ian, Crewe, Ivor, and Farlie, Denis, eds. 1976. Party Identification and Beyond: Representation of Voting and Party Competition. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Budge, Ian, and Robertson, David. 1987. “Do Parties Differ, and How? Comparative Discriminant and Factor Analyses.” In Ideology, Strategy and Party Change: Spatial Analyses of Post-war Election Programmes in 19 Democracies, eds. Budge, Ian, Robertson, David, and Hearl, Derek. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 388416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, David, and Stokes, Donald. 1969. Political Change in Britain: Force Shaping Electoral Choice. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Campbell, Angus, Converse, Philip E., Miller, Warren E., and Stokes, David E.. 1960. The American Voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Claassen, Ryan L. 2007. “Ideology and Evaluation in an Experimental Setting: Comparing the Proximity and the Directional Models.” Political Research Quarterly 60: 263–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, Gary W. 1997. Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daalder, H. 1986. “Changing Procedures and Changing Strategies in Dutch Coalition Building.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 9: 507–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalton, Russell J. 2002. Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies. New York: Chatham House.Google Scholar
De Sinopoli, Francesco, and Iannantuoni, Giovanna. 2007. “A Spatial Voting Model Where Proportional Rule Leads to Two-party Equilibria.” International Journal of Game Theory 35: 267–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dow, Jay K., and Endersby, James W.. 2004. “Multinomial Probit and Multinomial Logit: A Comparison of Choice Models for Voting Research.” Electoral Studies 23: 107–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Duch, Raymond M., and Stevenson, Randy. 2008. The Economic Vote: How Political and Economic Institutions Condition Election Results. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enelow, James M., and Hinich, Melvin. 1984. The Spatial Theory of Voting: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Enelow, James M., and Hinich, Melvin J.. 1994. “A Test of the Predictive Dimensions Model in Spatial Voting Theory.” Public Choice 78: 155–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fey, Mark. 1997. “Stability and Coordination in Duverger's Law: A Formal Model of Preelection Polls and Strategic Voting.” American Political Science Review 91: 135–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fiorina, Morris P. 1981. Retrospective Voting in American National Elections. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Forsythe, Robert, Myerson, Roger, Rietz, Thomas, and Weber, Robert. 1993. “An Experiment on Coordination in Multi-candidate Elections: The Importance of Poll and Election Histories.” Social Choice and Welfare 10: 223–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forsythe, Robert, Myerson, Roger, Rietz, Thomas, and Weber, Robert. 1996. “An Experimental Study of Voting Rules and Polls in Three-way Elections.” International Journal of Game Theory 25: 355–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gelman, Andrew, and Rubin, Donald B.. 1992. “Inference from Iterative Simulation Using Multiple Sequences.” Statistical Science 7: 457511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glasgow, Garrett, and Alvarez, Michael. 2005. “Voting Behavior and the Electoral Context of Government Formation.” Electoral Studies 24: 245–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golder, Sona. 2006. “Pre-electoral Coalition Formation in Parliamentary Democracies.” British Journal of Political Science 36: 193212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodin, Robert E., Guth, Werner, and Sausgruber, Rupert. 2007. “When to Coalesce: Early Versus Late Coalition Announcements in an Experimental Democracy.” British Journal of Political Science 38: 181–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grofman, Bernard. 1985. “The Neglected Role of the Status Quo in Models of Issue Voting.” Journal of Politics 47: 230–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gschwend, Thomas. 2007. “Ticket-splitting and Strategic Voting under Mixed Electoral Rules: Evidence from Germany.” European Journal of Political Research 46: 123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heidelberger, P. and Welch, P.D.. 1981. “A Spectral Method for Confidence Interval Generation and Run Length Control in Simulations.” Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery 24: 233–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herron, Michael C. 1999. “Postestimation Uncertainty in Limited Dependent Variable Models.” Political Analysis 8 (1): 8398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmberg, Soren. 1994. “Party Identification Compared Across the Atlantic.” In Elections at Home and Abroad: Essays in Honor of Warren E. Miller, eds. Jennings, M. Kent and Mann, Thomas E.. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 93121.Google Scholar
Huber, John, and Inglehart, Ronald. 1995. “Expert Interpretations of Party Space and Party Locations in 42 Societies.” Party Politics 1: 73111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Indridason, Indridi H. 2007. “Modeling Proportional Representation in Majoritarian Legislatures.” Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Inglehart, Ron. 1977. Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles among Western Publics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Inglehart, Ron, and Hans-Dieter Klingemann. 1976. “Party Identification, Ideological Preference and the Left–Right Dimension among Western Mass Publics.” In Party Identification and Beyond: Representations of Voting and Party Competition, eds. Budge, Ian, Crewe, Ivor, and Farlie, Dennis J.. London: John Wiley & Sons, 243–73.Google Scholar
Irwin, Galen A., and van Holsteyn, Joop J.M.. 2003. “They Say It Can't Be Done? Strategic Voting in Multi-party Proportional Systems: The Case of the Netherlands.” Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Kedar, Orit. 2005. “When Moderate Voters Prefer Extreme Parties: Policy Balancing in Parliamentary Elections.” American Political Science Review 99 (2): 185–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kedar, Orit. 2009. Voting for Policy, Not Parties: How Voters Compensate for Power Sharing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, Gary, Honaker, James, Anne Joseph, and Scheve, Kenneth. 2001. “Analyzing Incomplete Political Science Data: An Alternative Algorithm for Multiple Imputation.” American Political Science Review 95: 4969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knutsen, O. 1998. “Expert Judgements of the Left–Right Location of Political Parties: A Comparative Longitudinal Study.” West European Politics 21: 6394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lacy, Dean, and Paolino, Phillip. 2005. “Testing Proximity Versus Directional Voting Using Experiments.” Manuscript.Google Scholar
Laver, Michael, and Budge, Ian. 1993. “The Policy Basis of Government Coalitions: A Comparative Investigation.” British Journal of Political Science 23: 499519.Google Scholar
Lewis-Beck, Michael S., Jacoby, William George, Norpoth, Helmut, and Weisberg, Herbert F.. 2008. The American Voter Revisited. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipset, Seymour Martin, and Rokkan, Stein, eds. 1967. Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-national Perspectives. Toronto: Free Press.Google Scholar
Maddala, G.S. 1983. Limited Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, Lanny, and Stevenson, Randy. 2001. “Government Formation in Parliamentary Democracies.” American Journal of Political Science 45: 3350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthews, Steven A. 1979. “A Simple Direction Model of Electoral Competition.” Public Choice 34: 141–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCuen, Brian, and Morton, Rebecca. 2010. “Tactical Coalition Voting and Information in the Laboratory.” Electoral Studies 29 (3): 316–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meffert, Michael F., and Gschwend, Thomas. 2007a. “Polls, Coalition Signals, and Strategic Voting: An Experimental Investigation of Perceptions and Effects.” Unpublished manuscript. (Sonderforschungsbereich 504 No. 07-63)Google Scholar
Meffert, Michael F., and Gschwend, Thomas. 2007b. “Strategic Voting under Proportional Representation and Coalition Governments: A Simulation and Laboratory Experiment.” Unpublished manuscript. (Sonderforschungsbereich 504 No. 07-55)Google Scholar
Merrill, Samuel III, and Grofman, Bernard. 1999. A Unified Theory of Voting: Directional and Proximity Spatial Models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niemi, Richard, and Weisberg, Herb. 1992. Controversies in Voting Behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ortuno-Ortin, Ignacio. 1997. “A Spatial Model of Political Competition and Proportional Representation.” Social Choice and Welfare 14: 427–38.Google Scholar
Peel, Quentin. 2007. “Danish Voters Fascinated More by Mathematics Than the Issues.” Financial Times, November 7.Google Scholar
Persson, Torsten, and Tabellini, Guido. 2000. Political Economics: Explaining Economic Policy. Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Poole, Keith T., and Rosenthal, Howard. 1997. Congress: A Political-economic History of Roll-call Voting. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Powell, G. Bingham. 2006. “Election Laws and Representative Governments: Beyond Votes and Seats.” British Journal of Political Science 36: 291315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rabinowitz, George. 1978. “On the Nature of Political Issues: Insights from a Spatial Analysis.” American Journal of Political Science 22 (4): 793817.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rabinowitz, George, and Macdonald, Stuart. 1989. “A Directional Theory of Issue Voting.” American Political Science Review 83 (1): 93121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schafer, Joseph L. 1997. Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schofield, Norman, and Laver, Michael. 1985. “Bargain Theory and Portfolio Payoffs in European Coalition Governments 1945–83.” British Journal of Political Science 15: 143–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomassen, J. 1976. “Party Identification as a Cross-national Concept: Its Meaning in the Netherlands.” In Party Identification and Beyond: Representations of Voting and Party Competition, eds. Budge, Ian, Crewe, Ivor, and Farlie, Dennis J.. London: John Wiley & Sons, 6379.Google Scholar
Tomz, Michael, and Van Houweling, Robert P.. 2007. “The Microfoundations of Issue Voting.” Manuscript.Google Scholar
Train, Kenneth. 2003. Discrete Choice Models with Simulation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Eijk, Cees, and Niemoller, Kees. 1992. “Netherlands.” In Electoral Change: Responses to Evolving Social and Attitudinal Structure in Western Countries, eds. Franklin, Mark N., Mackie, Thomas T., and Valen, Henry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 255–83.Google Scholar
Warwick, Paul. 1992. “Ideological Diversity and Government Survival in Western European Parliamentary Democracies.” Comparative Political Studies 25: 332–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westholm, Anders. 1997. “Distance Versus Direction: The Illusory Defeat of the Proximity Theory of Electoral Choice.” American Political Science Review 91 (4): 865–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.