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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 February 2021
1 749 F.2d 922 (1984).
2 Id. at 923.
3 Id. at 927.
4 Id. at 923-24.
5 Id. at 923.
6 Kartell v. Blue Shield of Massachusetts, 582 F. Supp. 734 (D. Mass. 1984).
7 1984 Mass. Acts, ch. 192, § 1.
8 Id. at 930-31.
9 Id. at 924.
10 748 F.2d 373 (7th Cir. 1984).
11 Id. at 395.
12 Id. at 375.
13 Id.
14 Id. at 377.
15 15 U.S.C. § 1 (1982).
16 15 U.S.C. § 2 (1982).
17 748 F.2d at 383-4.
18 Id. at 386 (quoting California Liquor Dealers v. Midcal Aluminum, 445 U.S. 97, 105(1980)).
19 748 F.2d at 388.
20 Id. at 390-91.
21 Id. at 395.
22 Id. at 393.
23 749 F.2d 133 (2d Cir. 1984).
24 29 U.S.C. § 1114 (1982).
25 N.Y. Pub. Health Law § 2807-a(6)(b) (McKinney 1984).
26 749 F.2d at 138.
27 Id. at 135.
28 Id.
29 Id. at 136.
30 Id.
31 29 U.S.C. § 1144(a)(1982).
32 749 F.2d at 137.
33 Id. at 138.
34 Id.
35 Id. at 139.
36 Id. at 138.
37 37 Cal. 3d 174, 689 P.2d 446, 207 Cal. Rptr. 816 (1984).
38 Id. at 176, 689 P.2d at 447, 207 Cal. Rptr. at 817.
39 Id. at 180, 689 P.2d at 450, 207 Cal. Rptr. at 820.
40 Id. at 180, n.6, 689 P.2d at 449, n.6, 207 Cal. Rptr. at 819, n.6.
41 Id. at 178, 689 P.2d at 448, 207 Cal. Rptr. at 818.
42 Cal. Civ. Code § 3333.1 (West Supp. 1985).
43 Id. at §3333.1 (b).
44 37 Cal. 3d at 178, 689 P.2d at 448, 207 Cal. Rptr. at 818.
45 Id. at 180, 689 P.2d at 450, 207 Cal. Rptr. at 820.
46 Id. at 181-82, 689 P.2d at 451, 207 Cal. Rptr. at 821.
47 Id. at 178, 689 P.2d at 448, 207 Cal. Rptr. at 818 (citing American Bank & Trust Co. v.Community Hospital, 36 Cal. 3d 359, 371, 683 P.2d 670, 677-78, 204 Cal. Rptr. 671, 678-79(1984).
48 37 Cal. 3d at 180, 689 P.2d at 450, 207 Cal. Rptr. at 820.
49 Id. at 184, 689 P.2d at 452, 207 Cal. Rptr. at 822 (Mosk, J., dissenting).
50 749 F.2d 1055 (3rd Cir. 1984).
51 Id.
52 Id. at 1064.
53 42 U.S.C. §421(i) (1982).
54 749 F.2d at 1058.
55 Id. at 1058-59.
56 Id. at 1057.
57 Tustin v. Heckler, 591 F. Supp. 1049, 1061 (D. N.J. 1984).
58 749 F.2d at 1061.
59 Id. at 1062.
60 Id. at 1062-63.
61 Id. at 1063.
62 749 F.2d 89 (1st Cir. 1984).
63 42 U.S.C. § 1396a (1983).
64 49 F.2d at 94.
65 Id. at 94-95.
66 Id. at 96.
67 Id. at 90-91.
68 Id. at 92.
69 Id. at 93.
70 Id.
71 Id. at 94.
72 Id. at 95-96.
73 Id. at 96.