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"Proliferation Security Initiative" for Searching Potential WMD Vessels

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 March 2017

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Abstract

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Type
Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law
Information
American Journal of International Law , Volume 98 , Issue 2 , April 2004 , pp. 355 - 357
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 2004

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References

1 Remarks to the People of Poland in Krakow, Poland, 39 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 700, 702 (May 31, 2003)Google Scholar.

2 They were Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States. In the fall of 2003, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Singapore, and Turkey participated in PSI meetings.

3 White House Office of the Press Secretary, Fact Sheet on Proliferation Security Initiative: Statement of Interdiction Principles (Sept. 4, 2003)Google Scholar, at <http://www.whitehouse.gov>.

4 Id.

5 See Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Proliferation Security Initiative: Lisbon , 4—5 March 2004 Google Scholar, Chairman’s Conclusions, at <http://www.dfat.au.gov>; see also Richard Boucher, Spokesman, U.S. Dep’t of State, Press Statement on Proliferation Security Initiative, No. 2003/1279 (Dec. 17, 2003)Google Scholar, at <http://www.state.gov>.

6 Many vessels acquire Liberian registry as a “flag of convenience” since Liberia offers low fees and relaxed regulations for vessels, as compared to other states of registry. Of the total shipping tonnage that visits U.S. ports annually, the most tonnage is imported on Panamanian-flagged vessels, while the tonnage on Liberian-flagged vessels ranks second. See Pact with Liberia Allows U.S. to Board Ships, Wash. Post, Feb. 14, 2004, at A26 Google Scholar.

7 Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Liberia Concerning Cooperation to Suppress the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, Their Delivery Systems, and Related Materials by Sea, Feb. 11, 2004, U.S.-Liber., Art. 4 (on file at GWU).

8 Id., Art. 1(8).

9 Id., Art. 1(1).

10 Id.,Art. 4.

11 Id., Art. 9(3), (5).

12 Id., Art. 18(1).

13 Id., Art. 17(1)—(2). The agreement can be terminated with one year’s notice. Id., Art. 17(3).

14 Richard Boucher, Spokesman, U.S. Dep’t of State Press Statement on Proliferation Security Initiative Ship Boarding Agreement Signed with Liberia, No. 2004/153 (Feb. 12, 2004)Google Scholar, at <http://www.state.gov>.