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Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

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Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law
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American Journal of International Law , Volume 106 , Issue 4 , October 2012 , pp. 843 - 884
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 2012

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References

1 132 S.Ct. 2492 (2012).

2 S. 1070, 49th Leg., 2d Reg. Sess. (Ariz. 2010).

3 Id., sec. 1; see also Arizona, 132 S.Ct. at 2497.

4 703 F.Supp.2d 980, 1008 (D. Ariz. 2010).

5 641 F.3d 339, 366 (9th Cir. 2011).

6 Justice Kennedy was joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and by Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer, and Sonia Sotomayor. Justices Antonin Scalia, Clarence Thomas, and Samuel Alito filed opinions concur ring in part and dissenting in part. Justice Elena Kagan did not participate in the case.

7 Arizona, 132 S.Ct. at 2501-10.

8 Id. at 2498-99.

9 Id. at 2511-12 (Scalia, J., dissenting) (footnote omitted).

1 Treaty Between the Government of the United States and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters, Dec. 2, 1996, S. Treaty Doc. No. 104-2 (1995).

2 Dwyer, Jim, Secret Archive of Ulster Troubles Faces Subpoena, N.Y. Times, May 13, 2011 Google Scholar, at Al ; Zezima, Katie, College Fights Subpoena of Interviews Tied to I.R.A., N.Y. Times, June 10, 2011 Google Scholar at Al 2.

3 In re: Request from the United Kingdom Pursuant to the Treaty Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the United Kingdom on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters in the Matter of Dolours Price, 831 F.Supp.2d 435 (D. Mass. 2011).

4 In re: Request from the United Kingdom Pursuant to the Treaty Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the United Kingdom on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters in the Matter of Dolours Price, 2012 U.S. Dist. Lexis 6516 (D. Mass. 2011) (court order).

5 In re: Request from the United Kingdom Pursuant to the Treaty Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the United Kingdom on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters in the Matter of Dolours Price, 685 F.3d 1, 18-19 (1st Cir. 2012) (footnote omitted).

6 Id. at 11-13 (footnotes omitted).

1 Spectrum Stores Inc. v. Citgo Petroleum Corp., 632 F.3d 938 (5th Cir. 2011).

2 Id. at 942-43.

3 Id. at 948.

4 369 U.S. 186(1962).

5 Spectrum Stores, 632 F.3d at 949-54.

6 Id. at 951.

7 Id. at 952.

8 Id. at 953.

9 Id. at 954.

10 Id. at 955-56 (footnote omitted).

1 Bradsher, Keith, China Asks Other Nations Not to Release Its Air Data, N.Y. Times, June 6, 2012, at A4Google Scholar; China Says Only It Has Right to Monitor Air Pollution, Reuters, June 6, 2012, at http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/06/uk-china-environment-IDUSLNE85500H20120606.

2 China Focus: Foreign Embassies’ Air Data Issuing Inaccurate, Unlawful: Official, China Daily, June 5, 2012, at http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/xinhua/2012-06-05/content_6102799.html.

3 Mark C. Toner, Deputy Spokesperson, U.S. Dep’t of State Daily Press Briefing (June 5, 2012), at http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2012/06/191782.htm#China.

1 United States v. Hasan, 747 F.Supp.2d 599, 620 (E.D. Va. 2010).

2 United States v. Said, 757 F.Supp.2d 554, 567 (E.D. Va. 2010).

3 United States v. Dire, 680 F.3d 446, 451 (4th Cir. 2012).

4 Id. at 477; see also Szkotak, Steve, Appeak Court Broadens Definition of Piracy, Wash. Post, May 24, 2012 Google Scholar, at A18.

5 [Editor’s note: Article 101 of the Convention defines piracy to include “any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private ends by the crew. . . of a private ship . .. and directed: (i) on the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on board such ship or aircraft.”]

6 [Editor’s note: United States v. Smith, 18 U.S. (5 Wheat.) 153, 161 (1820). In Smith, the Supreme Court, by Justice Story, had “no hesitation in declaring, that piracy, by the law of nations, is robbery upon the sea.” Id. at 162.]

7 Dire, 680 F.3d at 467-69 (citations and footnote omitted).

1 Perlez, Jane, Beijing Exhibiting New Assertiveness in South China Sea, N.Y. Times, June 1, 2012, at A10Google Scholar; In Cities Across China, Protests Erupt Against Japan over Disputed Island, N.Y. Times, Aug. 20, 2012, at A8.

2 Crook, John R., Contemporary Practice of the United States, 104 AJIL 654, 664 (2010)Google Scholar; 105 AJIL 122, 135 (2011); 106 AJIL 138, 158 (2012); see see also Perlez, Jane, Asian Leaders at Regional Meeting Failto Resolve Disputes over South China Sea, N.Y. Times, July 13, 2012, at A5Google Scholar; Klapper, Bradley, U.S. Pushes China on Rules for Sea Disputes, Wash. Post, July 13, 2012, at A8Google Scholar; Harland, Chico, Sea of Trouble Surrounds Tiny Islands amid Asian Land Disputes, Wash. Post, Aug. 12, 2012 Google Scholar; Editorial, A Sea of Hostility, Wash. Post, Aug. 16, 2012, at A12Google Scholar.

3 U.S. Dep’t of State Press Release No. 2012/1263, South China Sea (Aug. 3, 2012), at http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2012/08/196022.htm; see also U.S. Issues Warning over South China Sea, Wash. Post, Aug. 4, 2012, at A6.

4 Landler, Mark, Obama Expresses Support for Philippines in China Rift, N.Y. Times, June 9, 2012, at A9 Google Scholar.

5 U.S. Dep’t of State Press Release No. 2012/1263, supra note 3.

6 Wong, Edward, China Hedges over Whether South China Sea Is a ‘Core Interest’ Worth War, N.Y. Times, Mar. 31, 2011, at A12Google Scholar.

7 China Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Press Release, Assistant Foreign Minister Zhang Kunsheng Urgently Summons Charge D’affaires of the Us Embassy on the Us’ Statement on the South China Sea (Aug. 4, 2012), at http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx/t958799.htm; see also Official: U.S. “Wrong’ on South China Sea, Wash. Post, Aug. 5, 2012, at A12.

1 16 U.S.C. §§3371-3378.

2 Bewley, Elizabeth, House Panel Considers Lacey Act Changes, USA Today, May 8, 2012 Google Scholar, at http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/story/2012-05-08/lacey-act-house/54845078/1.

3 Gibson Agrees to Pay Penalty over Imported Ebony Wood, Rolling Stone, Aug. 6, 2012, at http://www.rollingstone.eom/music/news/gibson-agrees-to-pay-penalty-over-imported-ebony-wood-20120806#ixzz27Rh4FvkJ.

4 Hall, Kevin G., Feds, Gibson Guitar Settle Environmental Suit, McClatchy Newspapers, Aug. 6, 2012 Google Scholar, at http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2012/08/06/160468/feds-gibson-guitar-settle-environmental.html.

5 U.S. Dep’t of Justice Press Release No. 12-976, Gibson Guitar Corp. Agrees to Resolve Investigation into Lacey Act Violations (Aug. 6, 2012), at http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2012/August/12-enrd-976.html.

1 Myers, Steven Lee & Fuller, Thomas, U.S. Mopes Toward Normalizing Rehtions with Myanmar, N.Y. Times, Apr. 5, 2012, at A9Google Scholar; Wan, William, After Elections in Burma, U.S. Eases Some Sanctions, Wash. Post, Apr. 5, 2012, at A9Google Scholar; DeYoung, Karen, U.S. Lifts Ban on Investment in Burma, Wash. Post, July 12, 2012, at A11Google Scholar; Perlez, Jane, Myanmars Leader Invites U.S. Businesses to Return, N.Y. Times, July 14, 2012, at A6Google Scholar.

2 Myers, Steven Lee, White House to Ease Ban on Investment in Myanmar, N.Y. Times, May 18, 2012, at A4Google Scholar; Wan, William, Administration Eases Investment Ban on Burma, Wash. Post, May 18, 2012, at A10Google Scholar.

3 U.S. Dep’t of State Press Release No. 2012/1134, Administration Eases Financial and Investment Sanctions on Burma (July 11, 2012), at http://www.state.gOv/r/pa/prs/ps/2012/07/194868.htm.

1 U.S. Dep’t of Justice Press Release No. 12-742, Ing Bank N.V. Agrees to Forfeit $619 Million for Illegal Transactions with Cuban and Iranian Entities (June 12, 2012), at http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2012/June/12-nsd-742.html.

1 See Agora: Kiobel, 106 AJIL 509 (2012).

2 28 U.S.C. §1350.

3 Crook, John R., Contemporary Practice of the United States, 106 AJIL 360, 382 (2012)Google Scholar.

4 630 F.2d 876 (2d Cir. 1980).

5 [Editor’s note: Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain, 542 U.S. 692 (2004).]

6 Supplemental Brief for the United States as Amicus Curiae in Partial Support of Affirmance at 13-14, Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., 132 S.Ct. 472 (2012) (No. 10-1491) (footnote omitted), available at http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publications/supreme_court_preview/briefs/10-l491_affirmanceamcuusa.authcheckdam.pdf.

7 Id. at 5.

8 Crook, supra note 3, at 382.

9 Supplemental Brief, supra note 6, at 1-5.

1 U.S. Dep’t of State Press Release No. 2012/1124, Fact Sheet—Terrorism Designations Faqs [Frequently Asked Questions] (July 10, 2012), at http://www.state.gOv/r/pa/prs/ps/2012/07/194808.htm.

1 China denies that it used U.S. technology in developing the helicopter, insisting that it utilized only indigenous technology. China Says It Didn’t Use U.S. Technology, Wash. Post, July 27, 2012, at A15.

2 [Editor’s note: see U.S. Dep’t of State Press Release No. 2012/1069, U.S. State Department Announces Resolution of United Technologies Corporation Arms Export Control Enforcement Case (June 28, 2012), at http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2012/06/194223.htm.]

3 U.S. Dep’t of Justice Press Release No. 12-824, United Technologies Subsidiary Pleads Guilty to Criminal Charges for Helping China Develop New Attack Helicopter (June 28, 2012), at http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2012/June/12-nsd-824.html.

1 Softwood Lumber Agreement Between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America, Sept. 12, 2006, available at http://www.ustr.gov/webfm_send/3254. The agreement was recently extended until 2015. See Softwood Lumber Agreement with U.S. Extended: Trade Minister Ed Fast Says Deal to Run Until 2015, CBC News, Jan. 23, 2012, at http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2012/01/23/pol-canada-us-trade-softwood-lumber.html.

2 United States v. Canada, London Court of International Arbitration Case No. Ill 790, Award (nonconfidential version), paras. 92-95 (July 26, 2012) (footnotes omitted), available at http://www.international.gc.ca/controls-controles/assets/pdfs/sortwood/111790.pdf.

3 See www.lcia.org.

4 See Crook, John R., Contemporary Practice of the United States, 102 AJIL 155, 192 (2008)Google Scholar.

5 The editor of this section was appointed by the tribunal, with the consent of both parties, to serve as its “confidentiality advisor” and to advise it regarding certain disputes on disclosure of documents. Award, supra note 2, paras. 49-55.

6 Id., paras. 104-08.

7 Id., paras. 91, 110-12.

8 These actions were “(1) encouraging use of local knowledge; (2) allowing the practice of kiln warming; (3) urging the use of bucking and introducing a new sweep formula; and (4) making changes to the Scaling Manual.” Id., para. 257.

9 Id., para. 430.

10 Office of the U.S. Trade Representative Press Release, Statement by the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative in Response to Decision in Third Softwood Lumber Arbitration (July 18, 2012), at http://www.ustr.gov/about-us/press-office/press-releases/2012/july/ustr-statement-response-softwood-lumber-arbitration.

1 Treaty Between the United States of America and the Republic of Ecuador Concerning the Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investment, Aug. 27, 1993, S. Treaty Doc. No. 103-15 (1993), available at http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/43558.pdf.

2 Chevron Corp. v. Republic of Ecuador, Partial Award (Uncitral Mar. 30, 2010), available at http://italaw.com/documents/ChevronTexacoEcuadorPartialAward.PDF. A panel of three leading international arbitrators heard the case: Albert Jan van den Berg, Charles N. Brower, and Karl-Heinz Böckstiegel (presiding).

3 Memorial of Respondent United States of America on Objections to Jurisdiction at 1-7, Republic of Ecuador v. United States, Pga Case No. 2012-5 (Apr. 25, 2012) (footnotes omitted), at http://www.pca-cpa.org/showpage.asp?pag_id=1455.

4 Ecuador’s counter-memorial supporting jurisdiction dated May 23, 2012, is available online at the PCA web site, http://www.pca-cpa.org/showpage.asprpag_id=1455.

1 H. Sub. S. 79, 2012 Leg., Reg. Sess. (Kan. 2012) (“an Act concerning the protection of rights and privileges granted under the United States or Kansas constitutions.”), at http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2011_12/measures/documents/sb79_enrolled.pdf.

2 Law Bans the Use of Foreign Legal Codes, N.Y. Times, May 26, 2012, at A11.

3 Sacirbey, Omar, Anti-Sharia Bul Dying in States, Wash. Post, Mar. 23, 2012, at A4Google Scholar.

4 Kansas Governor Signs ‘Shariah Bill’ to Ban Isbmic Law, MSNBC, May 26, 2012, at http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/47574780/ns/us_news-crime_and_courts/t/kansas-governor-signs-shariah-bill-ban-islamic-law/#.T_29J45gPHg.

5 In January 2012, the Tenth Circuit upheld an injunction barring certification of a more bluntly drawn Okla homa constitutional amendment. Awad v. Ziriax, 670 F.3d 1111 (10th Cir. 2012); Crook, John R., Contemporary Practice of the United States, 106 AJIL 360, 365 (2012)Google Scholar.

6 Kan. Const., Bill of Rights §5, available at http://www.kslib.info/government-information/kansas-information/kansas-constitution/kansas-bill-of-rights.html.

7 See Third Judicial District, Shawnee County, Kan., Court Overview: About Us, available at http://www.shawneecourt.org/index.aspx?NID=8.

8 H. Sub. S. 79, supra note 1.

1 U.S. Supreme Court Order List, Aug. 13, 2012, at http://www.supremecourt.gov/orders/courtorders/081312zra7d0.pdf.

2 Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, Oct. 25, 1980, 1343 UNTS 98 (implemented in the United States by the International Child Abduction Remedies Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 11601-11610 (2006)).

3 Lyle Denniston, Court Grants One New Case, SCOTUSblog, Aug. 13, 2012, at http://www.scotusblog.com/2012/08/court-grants-one-new-case/.

4 [Editor’s note: Beider v. Bekier, 248 F.3d 1051 (11th Cir. 2001).]

5 [Editor’s note: Fawcett v. McRoberts, 326 F.3d 491 (4th Cir. 2003).]

6 Petition for Writ of Certiorari at II, Charm v. Charm, 2012 U.S. Lexis 5033 (Aug. 13, 2012) (No. 11-1347) (granting cert.), available at http://sblog.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Petition-for-Writ-of-Certiorari-1.pdf.

7 U.S. Dep’t of State Press Release No. 2012/1154, Department of State Announces Online Publication of the 2011 Digest of United States Practice in International Law (July 16, 2012), at http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2012/07/195051.htm.

8 Available at http://www.wipo.int/meetings/en/doc_details.jsp?doc_id=208966.

9 U.S. Dep’t of State Press Release No. 2012/1056, Signing of Audiovisual Performances Treaty (June 26, 2012), at http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2012/06/194101.htm.

10 WIPO Press Release, WIPO Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances Is Concluded (June 26, 2012), at http://www.wipo.int/pressroom/en/articles/2012/article_0013.html.

11 U.S. Dep’t of Justice Press Release No. 12-767, Alleged International Credit Card Trafficker “Badb” Extradited from France to the United States (June 15, 2012), at http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2012/June/12-crm-767.html.

12 Man Deported over Alleged War Crimes, Wash. Post, May 25, 2012, at A3.

13 U.S. Dep’t of Homeland Security, Immigration and Customs Enforcement Press Release, ICE Deports Former Bosnian-Serb Police Commander Tied to Srebrenica Genocide; Case Is Among Hundreds Identified by ICE’s Human Rights Violators and War Crimes Center (May 24, 2012), at http://www.ice.gov/news/releases/1205/1205241asvegas.htm.

14 U.S. Dep’t of Justice Press Release No. 12-827, Department of Justice Forfeits More Than $400,000 in Corruption Proceeds Linked to Former Nigerian Governor (June 28, 2012), at http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2012/June/12-crm-827.html.

15 Kang, Cecelia, Tech Giants Warn of Threats to Free and Profitable Internet, Wash. Post, May 31, 2012 Google Scholar, at A10.

16 Kelion, Leo, US Resists Control of Internet Passing to UN Agency, BBC News, Aug. 3, 2012 Google Scholar, at http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-19106420.

17 U.S. Dep’t of State Press Release, Fact Sheet: Fast Facts on United States Submitting Initial Proposals to World Telecom Conference (Aug. 1, 2012), at http://www.state.gov/e/eb/rls/fs/2012/195921.htm.