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Japan and Jehol

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2017

E. T. Williams
E. T. Williams*
Affiliation:
Department of State
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Extract

Japan's attempt to include the Province of Jehol within the boundaries of so-called Manchukuo, if successful, is likely to be followed by serious consequences to China and to other nations as well. The southern boundary of Jehol coincides very nearly with the line of the Great Wall. Japan's action at Shanhaikuan and subsequent to the seizure of that place would seem to indicate her desire to make the Great Wall the boundary between Manchukuo and China. Even if Japan should evacuate Shanhaikuan, she will undoubtedly attempt to hold the passes between there and Kupeikou, which is at the southwestern comer of Jehol Province.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Journal of International Law , Volume 27 , Issue 2 , April 1933 , pp. 215 - 224
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1933

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References

1 Not to deny it would be to admit that a Premier of Japan had advised the crushing of the United States and the conquest of China and all Asia as well as the South Sea countries. But an official denial of a confidential memorial is not to be taken too seriously.

2 I. Tokutomi, Life of Shorn Yoshida, translated by Horace Coleman, p. 160.

3 The figures for longitude, latitude and area are estimates.

4 Sven Hedin, Jehol, City of Emperors, London, 1932.

5 See Coleridge's poem, Kubla Khan.

6 DeQuincey, Narrative and Miscellaneous Papers, Vol. I, Boston, 1853.

7 Ernest Ludwig, Visit of Teshoo Lama to Peking, Peking, 1904.

8 See Sir George Staunton's Authentic Account, Vol. III.

9 Two Years of Nationalist China, Shanghai, 1930, p. 415.

10 Idem.

11 For the reported text of the secret treaty of July 4, 1910, between Russia and Japan, see Manchuria Treaties and Agreements, Pamphlet No. 44 of the Division of International Law, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1921, p. 142.

12 See writer's China Yesterday and Today, New York, 1923 and 1932, p. 4.

13 The treaties Concluded by China and Japan as the result of the twenty-one demands of 1915 are printed in Supplement to this Journal, Vol. 10 (1916), pp. 1-18. See also article in the JOURNAL, Vol. 10 (1916), p. 222, on the negotiations between Japan and China.

14 Secretary Lansing to certain banks in New York, Chicago and Boston, July 9, 1918. The Consortium, containing the official text of the Four-Power Agreement for a loan to China and relevant documents, Carnegie Endowment Pamphlet No. 40, 1931, p. 3.

15 See joint note of Great Britain, United States, France and Japan to China, Sept. 28, 1920, in The Consortium, ibid. p. 65.

16 China Consortium Agreement, Art. 2. The correspondence referred to is printed in The Consortium, ibid. The text of the Consortium Agreement is printed at pp. 67-72.

17 Minutes of Consortium, X.

18 These are estimates found in the Reference Atlas of the World for 1925.

19 The text of the report is published in the New York Times, Feb. 18, 1933, pp. 8-9.

20 New York Times, Feb. 25, 1933, pp. 1-2.