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The International Law Standard in Recent Statutes of the United States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 April 2017

Robert R. Wilson
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Type
Editorial Comment
Information
American Journal of International Law , Volume 47 , Issue 4 , October 1953 , pp. 669 - 678
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1953

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References

1 Wilson, Robert R., “The International Law Standard in Statutes of the United States,” this Journal , Vol. 45 (1951), pp. 732–740 Google Scholar.

2 56 Stat. 1058.

3 64 Stat. 12, 14; this Journal, Supp., Vol. 45 (1951), p. 58.

4 55 Stat. 880; 57 Stat. 66.

5 62 Stat. 683. See also See. 1653. On the use of this wording in certain treaties of the United States, see Robert E. Wilson, The International Law Standard in Treaties of the United States (1953), pp. 14, 15.

6 62 Stat. 683. Cf. 1 Stat. 112, 118.

7 62 Stat. 683, 745 (Sec. 957).

8 62 Stat. 869, 927 (Pt. IV, Ch. 81, See. 1251). Another section (1350) gave to district courts original jurisdiction of “any civil action by an alien for a tort only, committed in violation of the law of nations or a treaty of the United States.”

9 See note 45, infra.

10 64 Stat. 107, 109 (Pt. I, Arts. 2 (11), 2 (12)).

11 55 Stat. 261. On other aspects of prize jurisdiction in World War II, especially in relation to co-operation with co-belligerents, see 56 Stat. 746, 747.

12 62 Stat. 683, 735 (Sec. 756).

13 62 Stat. 683, 748 (Sec. 967).See also Sec. 963.

14 63 Stat. 279, 280.

15 See comment in this Journal, Vol. 36 (1942), pp. 454–460.

16 55 Stat. 844, 845. Referable to national policy rather than to any rule of international law were provisions in the Lend-Lease Act (1941) to the effect that nothing in the Act was to authorize or permit the convoying of vessels or the entry of American vessels into combat areas in violation of the Neutrality Act of 1939 (55 Stat. 31, 32). A later joint resolution provided that Section 7 of the mentioned Neutrality Act should not be operative when the United States was at war (56 Stat. 95).

17 55 Stat. 242.

18 63 Stat. 973, 982.

19 63 Stat. 714, 718; this Journal, Supp., Vol. 44 (1950), p. 29.

20 64 Stat. 798 (Sec. 2).

21 65 Stat. 644, 645 (Sec. 101, par. 3).

22 65 Stat. 373; this Journal, Supp., Vol. 46 (1952), p. 14.

23 See, for example, 59 Stat. 512 (IMP); 59 Stat. 529 (FAO) ; 61 Stat. 214 (IBO); 62 Stat. 441 (WHO); 62 Stat. 1151 (revised Constitution of the ILO).

24 61 Stat. 756; this Journal, Supp., Vol. 43 (1949), p. 20.

25 62 Stat. 1286.

26 61 Stat. 752.

27 59 Stat. 669; this Journal, Supp., Vol. 40 (1946), p. 85.

28 59 Stat. 669 (Sec. 4 (a)).

29 55 Stat. 133.

30 56 Stat. 377, 379 (Sec. 3g).

31 See, for examples, 60 Stat. 446, 61 Stat. 511.

32 Enactments of this general type occurred between 1941 and 1952 in a wide range of subjects, including aviation, education, fisheries, waterways, boundary river rectification, international mail, narcotics, industrial property, an Inter-American Coffee Agreement, international highways, an International Wheat Agreement, regionalism (as in the North Atlantic, the Caribbean and the Pacific), enemy property, and prisoners of war. Perhaps the most striking in the list for the period was the United Nations Participation Act (59 Stat. 619; this Journal, Supp., Vol. 41 (1947), p. 13), which has been followed by appropriations periodically made for the same general object (60 Stat. 198, 453; 60 Stat. 600, 621; 61 Stat. 279, 283; 63 Stat. 734; 64 Stat. 902). On the powers given the Executive under the United Nations Participation Act, especially in relation to the President’s later action with respect to Korea, see Francis O. Wilcox, “The President’s Authority to Send Armed Forces Abroad,” Proceedings, American Society of International Law, 1951, pp. 20, 26, and the same speaker’s remarks in ibid., pp. 34–35, 37–38.

33 60 Stat. 141.

34 60 Stat. 418. The provision related to shares vested by the Alien Property Custodian but needed for the operation of an administrative agency of the Philippine Government.

35 66 Stat. 141, 146 (Sec. 514 (d)).

36 See, for example, 62 Stat. 450, 452.

37 64 Stat. 906, 937 (Sec. 214).

38 Cited in note 10, supra.

39 64 Stat. 261, 262.

40 60 Stat. 141, 158.

41 Texts of notes from these foreign states, respectively, are printed in the Department of State Bulletin for July 7, 14, and 28, 1946 (pp. 38, 79, 174); Aug. 4, 1946 (p. 235); Sept. 1, 8 and 29, 1946 (pp. 431, 463, 596); Oct. 13 and 20, 1946 (pp. 691, 726).

42 64 Stat. 595, 757 (Ch. XI).

43 65 Stat. 373 (See. 511, a, 3).

44 For an example of the latter, see section 7 of the Tuna Conventions Act of 1950 (64 Stat. 777), according to which, “Any person who fails to make, keep, furnish, or refuses to permit inspection of any catch return, statistical record, or any report that may be required [by conventions specified] … shall be subject to … fine….”

45 55 Stat. 184.

46 63 Stat. 666. See also 56 Stat. 461.

47 60 Stat. 940, 942 (Sec. 2 (b), par. 2).

48 56 Stat. 746, 747.

49 62 Stat. 533, 534.

50 62 Stat. 869, 976 (Sec. 2502).

51 64 Stat. 785, 791.

52 59 Stat. 106, 117.