Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T03:03:03.207Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Fall and Rise of Peace Treaties

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Tanisha M. Fazal*
Affiliation:
University of Notre Dame
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

When the United States terminated its seven-year occupation of Japan in 1954, it did so having signed a peace treaty. By contrast, the United States tried, unsuccessfully, to persuade Hamid Karzai to sign a Bilateral Security Agreement to accompany the drawdown of U.S. forces in Afghanistan. Even if Karzai had agreed to sign, the draft agreement bears much stronger resemblance to an alliance than to a peace treaty; it does not reference hostilities between the United States and Afghanistan, nor does it include any version of the term “peace treaty.”

Type
Agora: The End of Treaties?
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 2014

References

1 Treaty of Peace with Japan, Sept. 8, 1951, 1832 UNTS 42.

2 Pre-decisional Document on Security and Defense Cooperation Agreement, U.S.-Afg., July 25, 2013.

3 Fazal, Tanisha M., The Demise of Peace Treaties in Interstate War, 67 Int’l ORG. 695 (2013)Google Scholar.

4 Fazal, Tanisha M., Why States No Longer Declare War, 21 Security Stud. 557 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

5 Fortna, Virginia Page, Peace Time: Cease-Fire Agreements and the Durability of Peace (2004)Google Scholar.

6 Period After Negotiations of the Normalization of Japanese-Soviet Relations, Joint Compendium of Documents on the History of Territorial Issue between Japan and Russia, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.

7 Owen, John M., The Clash of Ideas in World Politics: Transnational Networks, States, and Regime Change, 1510-2010 (2010)Google Scholar.

8 Downes, Alexander B. & Monten, Jonathan, Forced to be Free?: Why Foreign-Imposed Regime Change Rarely Leads to Democratization, 37 Int’l Security 90 (2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

9 Fortna, Virginia Page, Where Have All the Victories Gone? Peacekeeping and War Outcomes, Paper prepared for Presentation at the Annual Meetings of the American Political Science Association (Aug. 2009)Google Scholar.

10 Fazal, Tanisha M., State Death: The Politics and Geography of Conquest, Occupation, and Annexation (2007)Google Scholar.

11 Atzili, Boaz, Good Fences, Bad Neighbors: Border Fixity And International Conflict (2012)Google Scholar.

12 Zacher, Mark W., The Territorial Integrity Norm: International Boundaries and the Use of Force, 55 Int’l Org. 215 (2003)Google Scholar.

13 Doyle, Michael W., Liberal Internationalism: Peace, War and Democracy, Nobelprize.org (June 22, 2004)Google Scholar.

14 Pinker, Steven, The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined (Reprint ed. 2012)Google Scholar.

15 Gohdes, Anita & Price, Megan, First Things First: Assessing Data Quality before Model Quality, 57 J. Of Conflict Resol. 1090 (2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

16 Fry, Douglas P., War, Peace, and Human Nature: The Convergence of Evolutionary and Cultural Views (2013)Google Scholar.

17 Mueller, John, Retreat from Doomsday: The Obsolescence of Major War (2010)Google Scholar.

18 Fearon, James D., Rationalist Explanations for War, 49 Int’l Org. 379 (1995)Google Scholar.

19 Treaties, States Parties and Commentaries: By Topic, Int’l Comm. of the Red Cross.

20 Declaration Respecting Maritime Law, Mar. 30, 1856, Int’l Comm. of the Red Cross.

21 Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, Aug. 12, 1949, Int’l Comm. of the Red Cross.

22 Prosecutor v. Ante Gotovina & Mladen Markac, Case No. IT-06-90-A, Judgement, (Int’l Crim. Trib. for the Former Yugoslavia Nov. 16, 2012).

23 Report on the Seventeenth International Red Cross Conference, Stockholm, Sweden (Aug. 1948).

24 Final Report on the Meaning of Armed Conflict in International Law, Int’l Law Ass’n, The Hague Conference, Use of Force (2010).

25 Grob, Fritz, The Relativity of War and Peace: A Study in Law, History, and Politics (1949)Google Scholar.

26 Protocol for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, The Hague, May 14, 1954, Int’l Comm. of the Red Cross.

27 Simmons, Beth A., Mobilizing for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic Politics (2009)Google Scholar.

28 von Stein, Jana, Do Treaties Constrain or Screen? Selection Bias and Treaty Compliance, Am. Pol. Science Rev. 611 (2005)Google Scholar.

29 Hathaway, Oona A., Do Human Rights Treaties Make a Difference, 111 Yale L.J. 1935 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

30 Doyle, Michael W. & Nicholas Sambanis, Making War and Building Peace: United Nations Peace Operations (2006)Google Scholar.

31 Bell, Christine, Peace Agreements: Their Nature and Legal Status, 100 AJIL 373 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

32 Jo, Hyeran & Thomson, Catarina P., Legitimacy and Compliance with International Law: Access to Detainees in Civil Conflicts, 1991-2006, 44 Brit. J. of Pol. Science 323 (2014)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

33 Fazal, Tanisha M. & Griffiths, Ryan D., Membership Has its Privileges: The Changing Benefits of Statehood, 16 Int’l Stud. Rev. 79 (2014)Google Scholar.

34 General Command of the EZLN, Today we say ‘enough is enough!’ (Ya Basta!), First Declaration from the Lacandon Jungle, EZLN’s Declaration of War (1993).

35 Id .