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Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 February 2017
Extract
By notes exchanged at a signing ceremony in Hanoi, Vietnam, on August 5, 1995, Secretary of State Warren Christopher and Vietnamese Foreign Minister Nguyen Manh Cam confirmed the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States of America and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam by mutual consent on July 12, 1995.
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References
1 For Secretary Christopher’s remarks at the signing ceremony, see 6 Dept. St. Dispatch 630 (1995). The Secretary’s remarks at the ceremony establishing the U.S. Embassy, Hanoi, on August 6, 1995, are at id.
2 For the above communications, see Dept. of State File No. P95 0071-1208/1217. For President Clinton’s announcement of the normalization of diplomatic relations with Vietnam, see 6 Dept. St. Dispatch at 551.
1 S. Treaty Doc. No. 3, 104th Cong., 1st Sess. (1995).
2 S. Exec. Rep. No. 2, 104th Cong., 1st Sess. 2–3 (1995).
3 Id. at 18–22.
On August 1, 1995, Jordan extradited Iyad Isama’il Al-Najim to the United States to face charges in the World Trade Center bombing. Najim was accused of having driven the explosive-laden van into the World Trade Center garage on February 26, 1993. His extradition was described in an internal Department of State memorandum as having concluded “a year of intensive work negotiating the treaty with Jordan, bringing it into force on an expedited basis, and carrying out the extradition.” Dept. of State Files L/LEI.
1 Dept. of State File No. P95 0071-1196, 1198/1204.
On November 16, 1993, representatives of Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, die United Kingdom, and the United States had met in The Hague to “take forward their discussions on issues related to multilateral export controls.” Noting that the considerations necessitating the establishment of the COCOM arrangement and the application of a wide range of multilateral East/West trade controls on military, dual-use and nuclear goods no longer existed, they determined that those controls should be phased out, and the COCOM arrangement terminated as soon as possible, but no later than March 31, 1994. Taking into account the current security situation, they agreed to establish a new multilateral arrangement “coincidentally,” “to promote greater transparency and responsibility with regard to transfers of armaments and sensitive dual-use goods and technologies.” See id. No. P95 0071-1235.
1 60 Fed. Reg. 54,579–80 (1995).
Four principal figures in the Cali cartel were listed in an annex to the order: Gilberto Rodríguez Orejuela, Miguel Angel Rodriguez Orejuela, José Santacruz Londoño and Helmer Herrera Buitrago. A Department of die Treasury notice of blocking, issued on October 23, 1995, set out details regarding the four principal individuals, as well as entities and other individuals covered by the blocking. Id. at 54,582–84.
2 31 Weeklycomp. Pres. Doc. 1914–15 (Oct. 21, 1995).
1 6 Dept. St. Dispatch 403 (1995).
2 Id. at 403–04. The Nuclear Suppliers Group Guidelines referred to in the Joint Statement may be found at International Atomic Energy Agency Doc. INF/CIRC.254, pts. 1 and 2 (as updated).
On May 11, 1995, the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons agreed by consensus to extend the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty indefinitely and without conditions. See Decision 3, Doc. NPT/Conf.1995/32, pt. I, at 12–13.
3 Dept. of State File No. P95 0073-1369.
4 6 Dept. St. Dispatch at 677–78.