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- International Decisions
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- Copyright © American Society of International Law 1990
References
1 See, e.g., the notes by Isaac, Traité et loi postérieure: le revirement du Conseil d’Etat, 25 Revue Trimestrielle de Droit Européen [Rev. Trim.] 787 (1989); Calvet, Le Conseil d’Etat et l’article 55 de la Constitution: une solitude résolue, 64 Semaine Juridique [J.C.P.] I, No. 3429 (1990); Kovar, Le Conseil d’Etat et le droit communautaire: de l’état de guerre à la paix armée, 1990 Recueil Dalloz-Sirey, Chroniques [D.S. Chron.] 57; Sabourin, Le Jardin à la française du Conseil d’Etat, 1990 Recueil Dalloz-Sirey, Jurisprudence [D.S. Jur.] 136.
2 Council Decision No. 76/787/ESC, EEC, Euratom, Sept. 20, 1976, 19 O.J. Eur. Comm. (No. L 278) 1 (1976).
3 European Council conclusions adopted at meeting in Rome, Dec. 1 and 2, 1975, published in Bull. Eur. Comm., No. 11, 1975, point 1104.
4 Council Decision, supra note 2, proviso 3.
5 1977 Recueil Dalloz-Sirey, Législation [D.S.L.] 259.
6 Decision of the Constitutional Council, Dec. 30, 1976, reprinted in 93 Revue De Droit Public et de Science Politique [RDP] 173 (1977), and extensively discussed by Favoreu & Philip, Chronique constitutionnelle française, id. at 129–80.
7 1977 D.S.L. at 271.
8 Const. Arts. 61 and 62, 41 Bulletin législatif Dalloz 661, 667 (1958).
9 See Chevalier, L’Exception d’inconstitutionnalité, l’Etat de droit et la construction de la Communauté européenne, 1989 D.S. Chron. 255, commenting on the proposal of President Badinter of the Constitutional Council to authorize review of the constitutionality of a statute also after its promulgation.
10 Administration des Douanesc. Société “Cafés Jacques Vabre,” Judgment of May 24, 1975, Cass. ch. mixte, 1975 Bulletin des Arrêts de la Cour de cassation, chambres civiles [Bull. Civ.] IV, No. 4, 1975 D.S. Jur. 497 (with submissions of Attorney General Touffait), 1975 J.C.P. II, No. 18, 180 bis (with submissions of Mr. Touffait), [1975] 2 Gazette du Palais 470 (with submissions of Mr. Touffait), translated in English in 16 Common Mkt. L.R. 336 (1975) (with submissions of Mr. Touffait, at 343).
11 See the references supra note 10.
12 See the references given in the submissions of the commissioner of the Government, Patrick Frydman, e.g., Mme. Dumoussard c. Syndicat des Artisans Mécaniciens de l’Automobile, Judgment of June 24, 1986, Cass, com., 1986 Bull. Civ. IV, No. 134; Société anonyme Auchan c. M. Rudin, Judgment of May 5, 1987, Cass, com., 1987 Bull. Civ. IV, No. 109; Administration des Douanes c. Société Jea-Fra et Patrex, Judgment of Dec. 5, 1983, Cass. crim., 1983 Bulletin des Arrêts de la Cour de cassation, chambre criminelle, No. 325, 1984 D.S. Jur. 217, 218; Klaus Barbie, Judgment of June 3, 1988, Cass, crim., 62 J.C.P. II, No. 21,149 (1988).
13 Const. Arts. 61 and 62.
14 Id., Arts. 58 and 59.
15 Assemblée nationale, Val-d’Oise, 5e circ., 4 Revue Francaise de Droit Administratif 916 (1988), commented on by Genevois, Le Juge de l’élection, le traité et la loi, id. at 908. It should be noted that the Constitutional Council does not pass on the conformity of a statute with a treaty when deciding its constitutionality before promulgation under Articles 61 and 62. Conseil constitutionnel, Decision No. 75-74, Jan. 15, 1975 (Foyer etautres), dealing with the constitution ality of the law on voluntary interruption of pregnancy, 1975 D.S. Jur. 529, 49 J.C.P. II, No. 18,030 (1975), 91 RDP 203 (1975). The reason for this distinction is the view that Article 55 of the Constitution mandates the superiority of a treaty over a prior statute and that the incompatibility of a statute with a treaty does not result in its unconstitutionality. The persuasiveness of this distinction has been discussed by many commentators. See, e.g., Genevois, supra, at 912; Genevois, Le Droit international et le droit communaulaire, in Conseil Constitutionnel et Conseil d’Etat, Colloque des 21 et 22 janvier 1988, at 191, 213 (1988).
16 See the cases cited by the commissioner of the Government in his submissions to the Council of State (Assembly of the Adjudicatory Section) in the Nicolo case, infra note 17, e.g., Syndicat général des Fabricants de semoutes de France, Judgment of Mar. 1, 1968, Conseil d’Etat (Section), 1968 Recueil des Décisions du Conseil d’Etat [Lebon] 149, 4 Rev. Trim. 388 (1968) (with submissions of the commissioner of the Government, Mrs. Questiaux); Sieurs Heid et autres, Judgment of Apr. 19, 1968, Conseil d’Etat, 1968 Lebon 243 (Evian Accords); Union démocratique du travail, Judgment of Oct. 22, 1979, Conseil d’Etat (Assemblée), 1979 Lebon 384, 96 RDP 531 (1980) (with submissions of the commissioner of the Government, Mrs. Hagelsteen); Elections des représentants à l’Assemblée des Communautés européennes, Judgment of Oct. 22, 1979, Conseil d’Etat (Assemblée), 1979 Lebon 385, 96 RDP 541 (1980) (with submissions of the commissioner of the Government, Mr. Morisot); Roujansky et autres, Judgment of Nov. 23, 1984, Conseil d’Etat (Assemblée), 1984 Lebon 383, 1985 L’Actualité Juridique de Droit Administratif 216 (with submissions of the commissioner of the Government, Mr. Labetoulle).
17 The submissions of Mr. Frydman are reported in 63 J.C.P. II, No. 21,371 (1989), 25 Rev. Trim. 771 (1989).
18 See La Pergola & Del Duca, Community Law, International Law and the Italian Constitution, 79 AJIL 598 (1985).