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Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2017

Marian L. Nash
Marian L. Nash*
Affiliation:
Department of State
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American Journal of International Law , Volume 74 , Issue 2 , April 1980 , pp. 418 - 432
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1980

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References

page no 420 note 1 Dept. of State File No. P80 0016-0474.

page no 421 note 1 Dept. of State File Nos. P80 0019-2101 and 2098.

The four Geneva Conventions, all dated August 12, 1949, are: the Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field (First Convention); the Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick, and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea (Second Convention); the Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (Third Convention); and the Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (Fourth Convention). See, respectively: TIAS No. 3362, 6 UST 3114, 75 UNTS 31; TIAS No. 3363, 6 UST 3217, 75 UNTS 85; TIAS No. 3364, 6 UST 3316, 75 UNTS 135; and TIAS No. 3365, 6 UST 3516, 75 UNTS 287.

Two Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions were adopted at Geneva, June 8, 1977: Protocol I, Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, and Protocol II, Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts. The United States signed both protocols on December 12, 1977.

The UN General Assembly adopted the Convention against the Taking of Hostages, as recommended by the Sixth Committee, on December 17, 1979, by consensus. UN Doc. GA Res. 34/146, reprinted in 74 AJIL 277 (1980).

page no 423 note 1 Dept of State File Nos. P79 0156-0154, P80 0016-0477, and P80 0016-0480.

page no 426 note 2 Dept. of State File Nos. P79 0164-0562 and P80 0001-2091. For further explanation of the latter point, see Secretary Vance's letter of Nov. 28, 1979, supraat p. 423.

On December 5, 1979, the UN General Assembly adopted by consensus, without debate, Resolution 34/68, which was identical in substance to the draft resolution contained in the report of the Special Political Committee, UN Doc. A/34/664 (Nov. 12, 1979). The operative portion of Resolution 34/68 commended the Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (the text of which was annexed), requested that the Secretary-General open it for signature and ratification at the earliest possible date, and expressed the hope of the General Assembly for the widest possible adherence to it. UN Doc. A/RES/34/68 (Dec. 14, 1979). The agreement is reprinted in18 ILM 1434 (1979). 4.44 Fed. Reg. 65581 (1979).

page no 428 note 1 44 Fed. Reg. 65581 (197

page no 428 note 2 Id. “at 65729.

page no 429 note 3 15 Weekly Comp. of Pres. Doc. 2118 (Nov. 19, 1979). Private U.S. and Iranian assets were not affected by the measures.

page no 430 note 1 93 Stat. 405-406, 22 U.S.C. §287c note.

page no 430 note 2 44 Fed. Reg. 67073 (1979).

page no 430 note 3 15 Weekly Comp. of Phes. Doc. 2119-2120 (Nov. 19, 1979).

page no 431 note 4 44 Fed. Reg. 74787-74788 (1979).

page no 432 note 5 Dept. of State File Nos. P80 0016-1422, 1426, 1424, and 1428.

On Dec. 12, 1979, the Parliament of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia had repealed the unilateradeclaration of independence, enacted on Nov. 11, 1965, and had voted to dissolve the government led by Bishop Abel Muzorewa.