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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 January 2017
1 See, e.g., The Manual on International Courts and Tribunals (Mackenzie, Ruth, Romano, Cesare P.R. & Shany, Yuval eds., 2d ed. 2010 Google Scholar)(tracing the development of international courts and tribunals); Bilder, Richard B., Adjudication: International Arbitral Tribunals and Courts, in Peace making in International conflict: Methods & Techniques 155, 174 (Zartman, I. William & Rasmussen, J. Lewis eds., 1997)Google Scholar; Bercovitch, Jacob & Gartner, Scott Sigmund, Is There Method in the Madness of Mediation? Some Lessons for Mediators from Quantitative Studies of Mediation, 32 Int’l Interactions 329 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar (studying factors that influence the effectiveness of mediation in resolving international disputes); Frazier, Derrick V. & Dixon, William J., Third-Party Intermediaries and Negotiated Settlements, 1946–2000, 32 Int’l Interactions 385 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar (describing the use of various mediation techniques and assessing their effectiveness in resolving international disputes).
2 See, e.g., John Collier & Vaughan Lowe, The Settlement of Disputes in International Law: Institutions and Procedures (1999) (providing a synopsis of international dispute settlement methods and institutions); J. G. Merrills, International Dispute Settlement (5th ed. 2011) (offering a comprehensive overview of international dispute resolution, including the relevant techniques and institutions involved); Jacob Bercovitch & Richard Jackson, Conflict Resolution in the Twenty-First Century: Principles, Methods, and Approaches (2009) (providing an excellent description and analysis of the methods used to address international conflicts).
3 Philippa Webb, International Judicial Integration and Fragmentation 9 (2013) (quoting Project on International Courts and Tribunals, Materials and Publications Matrix (2000), available at http://www.pict-pcti.org/matrix/matrixintro.html); Alford, Roger P., The Proliferation of International Courts and Tribunals: International Adjudication in Ascendance, 94 ASIL Proc. 160, 160 (2000)Google Scholar (“[T]here have been insufficient efforts to compare and contrast the various courts and tribunals.”).
5 For scholarship considering interactions among various methods of dispute settlement, see, for example, Onwuamaegbu, Ucheora, The Role of ADR in Investor-State Dispute Settlement: The ICSID Experience, 22 News From ICSID 12 (2005), available at https://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/FrontServlet?requestType=ICSIDNewsLettersRH&actionVal=ViewNews Letters Google Scholar; Salacuse, Jeswald W., Is There a Better Way? Alternative Methods of Treaty-Based, Investor-State Dispute Resolution, 31 Fordham Int’l L. J. 138 (2007)Google Scholar; Franck, Susan D., Integrating Investment Treaty Conflict and Dispute Systems Design, 92 Minn. L. Rev. 161 (2007)Google Scholar; Reisman, W. Michael, International Investment Arbitration and ADR: Married but Best Living Apart, 24 ICSID Rev. 185 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Schneider, Andrea K., Bargaining in the Shadow of (International) Law: What the Normalization of Adjudication in International Governance Regimes Means for Dispute Resolution, 41 N.Y.U. J. Int’l L. & Pol. 789 (2009)Google Scholar; Spain, Anna, Integration Matters: Rethinking the Architecture of International Dispute Resolution, 32 U. Pa. J. Int’l L. 1, 2 (2010) (noting that “there is a need to restructure the [international dispute resolution (IDR)] system to create a framework for understanding how to systematically integrate IDR methods across forums”)Google Scholar.
6 UN Charter Art. 33, para. 1 (“The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other peaceful means of their own choice.”).
7 Legality of Use of Force (Yugo. v. Belg.), (Yugo. v. Can.), (Yugo. v. Fr.), (Yugo. v. Ger.), (Yugo. v. It.), (Yugo. v. Neth.), (Yugo. v. Port.), (Yugo. v. Spain), (Yugo. v. UK), (Yugo. v. U.S.) (Int’l Ct. Justice filed Apr. 29, 1999), available at http://www.icj-cij.org.
8 Appellate Body Report, United States—Subsidies on Upland Cotton, WT/DS267/AB/R (adopted Mar. 21, 2005).
9 Prosecutor v. Kony, Case No. ICC-02/04-01/05, Decision on the Prosecutor’s Application for a Warrant of Arrest for Joseph Kony (Sept. 27, 2005), available at http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc97185.pdf (warrant issued under seal on July 8, 2005, and unsealed on October 13, 2005).
10 E.g., Appellate Body Report, EC—Bananas, WT/DS27/AB/R (adopted Sept. 25, 1997).
11 Kardassopoulos v. Georgia, ICSID Case Nos. ARB/05/18 & ARB/07/15, Award, paras. 443–48 (Mar. 3, 2010), available at http://www.italaw.com/sites/default/files/case-documents/ita0445.pdf.
12 Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Arg. v. Uru.), 2010 ICJ Rep. 14 (Apr. 20).
13 Territorial and Maritime Dispute Between Nicaragua and Honduras in the Caribbean Sea (Nicar. v. Hond.), 2007 ICJ Rep. 659, para. 321 (Oct. 8); Fisheries Jurisdiction (UK v. Ice.), Merits, 1974 ICJ Rep. 3, para. 79(3) (July 25); Gabčikovo-Nagymaros Project (Hung./Slovk.), 1997 ICJ Rep. 7, para. 155 (Sept. 25).
14 Land and Maritime Boundary Between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v. Nigeria; Eq. Guinea intervening), 2002 ICJ Rep. 303 (Oct. 10).
15 Agreement Between the Republic of Cameroon and the Federal Republic of Nigeria Concerning the Modalities of Withdrawal and Transfer of Authority in the Bakassi Peninsula, Cameroon-Nigeria, June 12, 2006, available at http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/peace/Cam-Nig%2020060612.pdf.
16 Free Zones of Upper Savoy and the District of Gex (Fr. v. Switz.), Order, 1929 PCIJ (ser. A) No. 22, at 13 (Aug. 19), available at http://www.worldcourts.com/pcij/eng/decisions/1929.08.19_savoy_gex.htm.
17 Mavrommatis Palestine Concessions (Greece v. UK), 1924 PCIJ (ser. B), No. 3, at 7, para. 19 (Aug. 30), available at http://www.worldcourts.com/pcij/eng/decisions/1924.08.30_mavrommatis.htm.
18 see Franck, Susan D., Using Investor-State Mediation Rules to Promote Conflict Management: An Introductory Guide, 29 ICSID Rev. 1, 3 (2014)CrossRefGoogle Scholar (“The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has published multiple proceedings suggesting the utility of mediation, and other recent publications indicate that UNCTAD believes that ADR constitutes a vital piece of the puzzle related to the future of international investment law.”).
19 O’Connell, Mary Ellen, International Dispute Resolution: Cases and Materials (2d ed. 2012). The publisher’s website describes O’Connell’s volume as “the only casebook... that introduces students to all of dispute resolution mechanisms available internationally.” Carolina Academic Press (2014), at http://www.cap-press.com/ books/isbn/9781594609046/International-Dispute- Resolution-Second-Edition Google Scholar.