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Site Structure and Activity Organization at a Late Paleoindian Base Camp in Western Nebraska

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Matthew G. Hill ,
David J. Rapson ,
Thomas J. Loebel  and
David W. May
Matthew G. Hill
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
David J. Rapson
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
Thomas J. Loebel
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, St. Xavier University, Chicago, Illinois 60467
David W. May
Affiliation:
Department of Geography, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa 50614
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Abstract

Paleoindian archaeology on the Great Plains is often characterized by the investigation of large mammal kill/butchery bonebeds with relatively high archaeological visibility. Extensively documented aspects of Paleoindian behavioral variability include the form and composition of weaponry systems, hunting strategies, carcass exploitation, and hunter mobility. Non-hunting oriented aspects of settlement and subsistence behavior are less documented. Information from Component 2 at the O.V. Clary site, in Ash Hollow, western Nebraska, lessens this imbalance of knowledge. It provides a fine-grained, spatially extensive record of Late Paleoindian (Allen Complex) activities at a winter base camp occupied for 5-7 months. This paper highlights elements of site structure and activity organization, emphasizing domestic behaviors including hearth use, site maintenance, and hide working. ArcGIS 9.3.1 (ESRI) and GeoDa 0.9.5-1 (Anselin 2003; Anselin et al. 2006) are employed in conjunction with middle-range observations and expectations to document and interpret spatial patterning in the distribution of over 57,000 artifacts, ecofacts, and red ochre nodules. More broadly, results are related to two models of Paleoindian residential mobility: the place-oriented model and the high-tech forager model. Rather than mutually exclusive scenarios, Component 2 indicates that these models reflect complementary structural poses within the overall behavioral system.

Resumen

Resumen

Arqueología de los paleoindios de las Grandes Llanuras es caracterizada frecuentemente por yacimientos de huesos relacionados con mataderos de mamíferos grandes. La forma y la organización de los sistemas de armas, estrategias de caza, la explotación de los cuerpos de animales muertos, y la movilidad de los cazadores, son documentados extensivamente. Los aspectos de asentamiento y subsistencia que no son orientados a la acción de caza son menos documentados. Componente 2 del sitio O.V. Clary, que es ubicado en Ash Hollow de Nebraska occidental, trata de ese desequilibrio. Eso da un registro detallado y de amplia extensión espacial de un asentamiento de invierno de paleoindio tardío (complejo de Allen) que fue ocupado para cinco a siete meses. Ese estudio destaca elementos de la estructura de sitio y la organización de actividades, particularmente los que pertenecen al cuidado de casa, incluyendo el uso del hogar (para cocinar), el mantenimiento del sitio, y el curtiendo de los cueros. ArcGIS 9.3.1 (ESRI) y GeoDa 0.9.5-1 (Anselin 2003; Anselin et al. 2006) son empleados junto con observaciones y expectaciones de medio alcance para documentar y interpretar el sistema espacial de la distribución de mas de 57.000 artefactos, eco-factos, y nódulos ocres rojos. En general, los datos de esas investigaciones son analizados en relación a dos modelos de la movilidad residencial de los paleoindios tardíos: el modelo de ocupación residencial y el modelo de forrajero con alto componente de tecnología. Sin embargo, los dos modelos no son mutualmente exclusivos, componente 2 del sitio O.V. Clary indica que los modelos son estructuras que funcionan complementariamente entre el sistema total de comportamiento.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 76 , Issue 4 , October 2011 , pp. 752 - 772
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2011

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