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The “Simple Bone Point” of the Shell-Heaps of the Northeastern Algonkian Area and Its Probable Significance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2017

E. E. Tyzzer
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Extract

In the study of a material culture, it appears that the rarer, more striking or more elaborate objects are often given undue weight while the more common and hence more widely used articles are too frequently neglected. Although the bone point of the type to be considered is by far the most common artifact found in the shell-heaps of Maine and Nova Scotia, only casual and incomplete descriptions are available. There is no general recognition of it as a distinct type, and the interpretations of its usage which are offered are made without serious consideration of available evidence.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 1 , Issue 4 , April 1936 , pp. 261 - 279
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1936

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References

96 Not only was permission kindly granted for the excavation of this site by Mr. Herbert F. Carter, but arrangements were afforded to facilitate the work in every possible way.

97 Smith, H. I. and Wintemberg, W. J., Some Shell-heaps in Nova Scotia, Nat. Mus. of Canada, Anthrop. Series No. 9, Bui. 47, 1929.

98 Smith, H. I. and Wintemberg, W. J., op. cit.

99 Jones, C. C., Antiquities of the Southern Indians, particularly of Georgia Tribe, Appleton and Company, New York, 1873.

100 Quotation from Willoughby, C. C., Prehistoric Burial Places in Maine, PM-P. 1., No. 6, 1898.

101 The Voyages and Explorations of Samuel de Champlain, 1604-1616, Narrated by Himself, trans, by Annie Nettleton Bourne, 1922, New York.

102 Smith, W. B., The Jones Cove Shell-heap at West Gouldsboro, Maine, Lafayette National Park Bui. No. 1, 1929.

103 Smith, H. I., op. cit.

104 Wintemberg, W. J., op. cit.

105 Smith, W. B., op. cit.

106 Smith, H. I., op. cit.

107 Willoughby, C. C., Antiquities of the New England Indians, Publ. Peabody Museum of Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass., 1935.

108 Smith, H. I., op. cit.

109 Willoughby, C., C., Indian Burial Place at Winthrop, Massachusetts, PM-P. IX-1, 1924,

110 The following articles clearly attributable to European contact were also found at one border of the deposit: 3 gunflints, 2 steel arrow or lance heads, 3 glass beads, a few fragments of thick glass evidently from broken bottles, and pieces of clay pipes.

111 This type of pipe is not regarded as a product of the region but is believed to have been introduced through intertribal commerce.

112 Ritchie, W. A., The Algonkian Sequence in New York, Am. Anthropologist, 1932, XXIV-406.

113 Parker, A. C, Aboriginal Cultures and Ethnology of the Genesee Country, Proceedings Rochester Acad. Sci., 6: 251-255, 1929.

114 Parker, A. C, The Archaeological History of New York, New York State Museum Bulletin, 46-50, 1920.

115 Skinner, Alanson, General Archaeological Criteria of early Algonkian Culture, in The Algonkian Occupation of New York, New York State Archaeological Association, Researches and Transactions, 4: 21–41, 1923.

116 Harrington, M. R., Ancient Shell-Heaps near New York City, Amer. Mus. of Nat. Hist., Anthrop. Papers, Vol. 3, 1909.

117 Skinner, A., The Lenape Indians of Staten Island, ibid., Vol. 3, 1-62, 1909,

118 Howley, J. P., The Beothucks or Red Indians—The Aboriginal Inhabitants of Newfoundland, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1915.