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The Plateau Interaction Sphere and Late Prehistoric Cultural Complexity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Brian Hayden  and
Rick Schulting
Brian Hayden
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
Rick Schulting
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 2AA England
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Abstract

The Plateau culture area of northwestern North America fits the criteria of an interaction sphere. Understanding the general cultural dynamics responsible for the creation of interaction spheres has been poorly developed in archaeological and ethnological theory. Data from the Plateau Interaction Sphere are used to argue that the main factor responsible for the emergence of interaction spheres in transegalitarian societies is the development of an elite class. Elites who seek to maximize their power and wealth at the tribal level do so in part by establishing trading, marriage, ideological, military, and other ties to elites in other communities and regions. They use these ties to monopolize access to desirable regional prestige goods and to enhance their own socioeconomic positions. In conformity with expectations derived from this model, the data from the Plateau demonstrate that interaction sphere goods are predominantly prestige items and that these concentrate in communities that have the greatest potential to produce surplus and to develop socioeconomic inequalities. These same features also seem to characterize well-known interaction spheres elsewhere in the world.

El área cultural del altiplano del noroeste de Norteamérica cumple con los criterios de una zona de interacción. Generalmente, la comprensión de las fuerzas que crean las zonas de interacción no ha sido suficientemente desarrollada en la teoría arqueológica y etnológica. Los datas de la Zona de Interacción del Altiplano se utilizan para mostrar que el factor principal responsable por el surgimiento de estas zonas en las sociedades “trans-igualitarias” es el desarrollo de las élites. Las élites que desean aumentar sus poderes y sus riquezas, cumplen sus deseos, en parte, por medio del intercambio, del matrimonio, así como a través de alianzas ideológicas, mititares y de otro tipo con élites de otras comunidades y regiones. Las élites utilizan estas relaciones para monopolizar el acceso a los objetos de valor de estas regiones y para asegurar sus propias posiciones socioeconómicas. De acuerdo con las expectativas de este modelo, los datos del Altiplano muestran que los productos dentro del sistema de interacción son pricipalmente objetos de valor; además estos datos muestran que esos productos son más abundantes en las comunidades con mayor potencial para producir excedentes y para establecer desigualdades socioeconómicas. Al mismo tiempo, estos aspectos parecen caracterizar otras zonas de interacción muy conocidas en otras partes del mundo.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 62 , Issue 1 , January 1997 , pp. 51 - 85
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 1997

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