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Kawaika-a in the Historic Period

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2017

Erik K. Reed
Erik K. Reed*
Affiliation:
Santa Fe, New Mexico
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Extract

The westernmost of the great Pueblo IV sites of the Jeddito Valley is Awatovi, occupied through the exploration and mission periods to 1700. The next upstream is Kawaika-a, inhabited, on the basis of archaeological evidence, at least to the end of the fifteenth century: a tree-ring date of A.D. 1495. Historical evidence has been thought to indicate sixteenth-century occupation of Kawaika-a, and destruction by Tovar in 1540. It has even been taken to show that Kawaika-a was sparsely repopulated by 1583, and finally deserted only between that date and 1598.

Type
Facts and Comments
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 8 , Issue 1 , July 1942 , pp. 119 - 120
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1942

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References

1 Douglass, A. E., “Southwestern Dated Ruins: V,” Tree-Ring Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1938, p. 11 Google Scholar.

2 de Luxán, Diego P., translated and edited by George P. Hammond and A. Rey, Expedition into New Mexico made by Antonio de Espejo, Quivira Society, Vol. 1, 1929, p. 96, fn. 107.

3 Hargrave, L. L., “The Jeddito Valley and the first Pueblo towns in Arizona visited by Europeans,” Museum Notes, Vol. 8, No. 4, 1935, p. 21 Google Scholar.

4 Hodge, F. W., History of Haivikuh, Los Angeles, 1937, p. 118, fn. 143; Bartlett, Katharine, “Spanish contacts with the Hopi,” Museum Notes, Vol. 6, No. 12, 1934, pp. 55–56 Google Scholar.

5 Luxán, op. cit., p. 96.

6 Ibid.

7 Hammond and Rey, Obregón's History, Los Angeles, 1928, pp. 327–328.

8 Castañeda, Pt. 1, Ch. 11; Hammond and Rey, Narratives of the Coronado Expedition, Albuquerque, 1940, p. 214.

9 Hammond and Rey, op. cit., p. 286.

10 Ibid., p. 299.

11 Bartlett, op. cit.

12 Hodge, op. cit., pp. 1–3, 28, 56–57. Hodge (p. 56) translates Jaramillo as saying “five little villages besides this,” Hammond and Rey (op. cit., p. 298) give “five small pueblos including this one.” There is no apparent evidence that Pinnawa or any other possible seventh city of Cibola was still occupied in 1540 (Hodge, op. cit., p. 57, and Leslie Spier, An Outline for the Chronology of Zuni Ruins, American Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Papers, Vol. 8, No. 3, 1917, p. 271), though the forthcoming restudy of Dr. Spier's material by Dale S. King may conceivably produce such evidence.