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Identifying the Origin of Southwestern Shell: A Geochemical Application to Mogollon Rim Archaeomolluscs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Deanna N. Grimstead ,
Matthew C. Pailes ,
Katherine A. Dungan ,
David L. Dettman ,
Natalia Martίnez Tagüeña  and
Amy E. Clark
Deanna N. Grimstead
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1106 ([email protected])
Matthew C. Pailes
Affiliation:
School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-00030
Katherine A. Dungan
Affiliation:
School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-00030
David L. Dettman
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
Natalia Martίnez Tagüeña
Affiliation:
School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-00030
Amy E. Clark
Affiliation:
School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-00030
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Abstract

Archaeological marine shell artifacts moving over long distances may reveal the remnants of social networks, social currency, and the nuances of exchange. For the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, potential sources of marine shell are predominantly the Gulf of California and Pacific Ocean. There exists some taxonomic overlap between molluscan communities of these regions and the Gulf of California, necessitating non-biogeographic methods to distinguish their origins. Combined oxygen and carbon stable isotope ratio measurements demonstrate that modern shells from these water bodies have distinct isotopic ranges. Molluscan isotopie composition within the Gulf of California varies, which allows for the identification of distinct source regions. Archaeological marine shell from Pueblo III and IV sites in the Mogollon Rim region of east-central Arizona are sourced, demonstrating that archaeological shell was obtained from a northeastern subregion of the Gulf of California. This is the closest source for the Puebloan communities, but it is not consistent with previous hypotheses concerning the origin of marine shell in the Colorado Plateau and Mogollon Highlands, which suggested an exchange route via Paquimé originating south of Isla Tiburón. We discuss the implications of these results in the context of previous research and draw conclusions about the meaning of shell use in the region.

Resumen

Resumen

En diversas culturas a lo largo del mundo, los artefactos de concha marina han sido trasladados a través de grandes distancias y en ocasiones han servido como indicadores de prestigio social. Arqueológicamente, los artefactos de concha obtenidos por grandes distancias pueden revelar la presencia en el pasado de redes sociales. Estos artefactos que pasan por diferentes fronteras culturales, resultan ideales para el estudio de redes sociales, capital social y los diferentes matices del intercambio. Para el sudoeste de Estados Unidos, las fuentes potenciales para su extracción son predominantemente el Golfo de California y el Océano Pacίfico. Ya que existe empalme taxonómico entre los moluscos de estas comunidades, es necesario emplear técnicas de procedencia que no sean biogeográficas. Al obtener las mediciones combinadas de proporciones entre isótopos estables de carbono y oxίgeno, se demuestra que las conchas modernas del Golfo de California y del Océano Pacίfico tienen rangos isotópicos diferentes. Además, los moluscos del Golfo de California también varίan en composición isotópica, permitiendo su identificación a nivel regional. Estos patrones isotópicos fueron empleados para reconstruir las fuentes de procedencia de concha marina arqueológica encontrada en varios sitios del “Mogollon Rim” en el centro-este de Arizona, correspondientes a los periodos Pueblo III y IV. La mayorίa de los materiales arqueológicos analizados provienen de la subregión noreste del Golfo de California. Ésta es la fuente más cercana a las comunidades “Puebloan,” pero de igual forma se encuentra bastante lejos de la meseta del Colorado y de las tierras altas del Mogollón. El estado de las conchas arqueológicas es variable y fueron distribuidas ampliamente en los diversos contextos de los sitios arqueológicos. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados y cómo el uso de la concha pudo haber estado unido a la adscripción de grupos o al acceso polίtico.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 78 , Issue 4 , October 2013 , pp. 640 - 661
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2014

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