Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T07:18:31.324Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Human Impacts on Nearshore Shellfish Taxa: A 7,000 Year Record from Santa Rosa Island, California

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Todd J. Braje ,
Douglas J. Kennett ,
Jon M. Erlandson  and
Brendan J. Culleton
Todd J. Braje
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1218USA ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected])
Douglas J. Kennett
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1218USA ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected])
Jon M. Erlandson
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1218USA ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected])
Brendan J. Culleton
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1218USA ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Within the broad framework of historical and behavioral ecology, we analyzed faunal remains from a large habitation site (CA-SRI-147) on Santa Rosa Island to explore a 7,000 year record of coastal subsistence, nearshore ecological dynamics, and human impacts on shellfish populations. This long, stratified sequence provides a rare opportunity to study the effects of prolonged human predation on local intertidal and nearshore habitats. During the past 7,000 years, the Island Chumash and their predecessors had significant impacts on nearshore ecosystems, caused by growing human populations and depletion of marine and terrestrial ecosystems. At CA-SRI-147, local depletion of higher ranked shellfish species stimulated dietary expansion and a heavier reliance on lower-ranked shellfish taxa and more intensive exploitation of nearshore and pelagic fishes. In the Late Holocene, as local ecosystems were increasingly depleted, the Island Chumash relied increasingly on craft specialization and trade to meet their subsistence needs. Native peoples clearly impacted Channel Island ecosystems, but data from CA-SRI-147 suggest that they adjusted their subsistence strategies toward productive fisheries that sustained the high population densities and sociopolitical complexity recorded by early Spanish chroniclers at European contact.

Résumé

Résumé

Dentro de los marcos amplios de la ecología histórica y la ecología del comportamiento, analizamos los restos faunisticos de un sitio habitacional grande (CA-SRI-147) en la Isla Santa Rosa para investigar el historial de 7000 años de subsistencia costera, la dinámica ecológica cercana a la costa, y los impactos humanos sobre poblaciones de mariscos. Esta secuencia larga y estratificada nos provee de la rara oportunidad de estudiar las consecuencias de depredación humana prolongada en hábitats locales litorales y cercanos a la costa. En los últimos 7000 años, la Isla Chumash y sus predecesores tenían un gran impacto sobre los ecosistemas cercanos a la costa, causado por las poblaciones humanas cada vez mayor y el agotamiento de ecosistemas marinos y terrestres. En CA-SRI-147, el agotamiento local de especies de mariscos de alto rango promovió la expansión dietética, más dependencia de los mariscos de taxa de bajo rango, y la explotación más intensiva de los pescados pelágicos y cercanos a la costa. En el Holoceno tardío, cuando los ecosistemas locales fueron agotados cada vez más, la Isla Chumash se basó cada vez más en la especialización artesanal y el comercio para satisfacer sus necesidades de subsistencia. Aunque la población indígena tenía un impacto claro sobre los ecosistemas de las Islas Channel, los datos arqueológicos de CA-SRI-147 dan a entender que ajustaron las estrategias de subsistencias a pesquerías productivas que habrían sostenido las altas densidades demográficas y la complejidad sociopolítica anotado por los cronistas españoles del contacto europeo.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 72 , Issue 4 , October 2007 , pp. 735 - 756
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Agenbroad, Larry D., Johnson, John R., Morris, Don, and Stafford, Thomas W. Jr. 2005 Mammoths and Humans as Late Pleistocene Contemporaries on Santa Rosa Island. In Proceedings of the Sixth California Islands Conference, edited by David K. Garcelon and Catherin A. Schwemm, pp. 3–7. Institute for Wildlife Studies, Areata, California.Google Scholar
Anderson, Atholl 1989 Prodigious Birds: Moas and Moa Hunting in Prehistoric New Zealand. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Arnold, Jeanne E. 1987 Craft Specialization in the Prehistoric Channel Islands, California. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Arnold, Jeanne E. 1991 Transformation of a Regional Economy: Sociopolitical Evolution and the Production of Valuables in Southern California. Antiquity 65:953–962.Google Scholar
Arnold, Jeanne E. 1992 Complex Hunter-Gatherer-Fishers of Prehistoric California: Chiefs, Specialists, and Maritime Adaptations of the Channel Islands. American Antiquity 57:60–84.Google Scholar
Arnold, Jeanne E. 1995 Transportation Innovation and Social Complexity among Maritime Hunter-Gatherer Societies. American Anthropologist 97:733–747.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnold, Jeanne E. 2000 The Origins of Hierarchy and the Nature of Hierarchical Structures in Prehistoric California. In Hierarchies in Action: Cui Bono?, edited by Michael W. Diehl, pp. 221–240. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Carbondale, Illinois.Google Scholar
Arnold, Jeanne E. (editor) 2001 The Origins of a Pacific Coast Chiefdom: The Chumash of the Channel Islands. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Arnold, Jeanne E. (editor) 2004 Foundations of Chumash Complexity. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Arnold, Jeanne E., and Munns, Ann 1994 Independent or Attached Specialization: The Organization of Shell Bead Production in California. Journal of Field Archaeology 21:473–489.Google Scholar
Ault, Jerald S. 1985 Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Pacific Southwest), Black, Green and Red Abalones. US Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service Biol. Rep. 82(11.32).Google Scholar
Beaton, J. M. 1991 Extensification and Intensification in Central California Prehistory. Antiquity 65(249):946–952.Google Scholar
Bemis, B. E., Spero, H. J., Bijima, J., and Lea, D. W. 1998 Reevaluation of the Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Planktonic Foraminifera: Experimental Results and Revised Paleotemperature Equations. Paleoceanography 13:150–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berger, Rainer 1983 Sea Levels and Tree-Ring Calibrated Radiocarbon Dates. In Quaternary Coastlines and Marine Archaeology, edited by P. M. Masters and N. C. Flemming, pp. 51–61. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Bettinger, Robert L, Malhi, Ripan, and McCarthy, Helen 1997 Central Place Models of Acorn and Mussel Processing. Journal of Archaeological Science 24:887–899.Google Scholar
Binford, Lewis R. 1978 Dimensional Analysis of Behavior and Site Structure: Learning from an Eskimo Hunting Stand. American Antiquity 43:330–361.Google Scholar
Bird, Douglas W. 1997 Behavioral Ecology and the Archaeological Consequences of Central Place Foraging Among the Meriam. In Rediscovering Darwin: Evolutionary Theory in Archaeological Explanations, edited by C. Michael Barton and G. A. Clark, pp. 291–306. American Anthropological Association, Arlington, Virginia.Google Scholar
Bird, Douglas W., and Bliege Bird, Rebecca L. 1997 Contemporary Shellfish Gathering Strategies among the Meriam of the Torres Strait Islands, Australia: Testing Predictions of a Central Place Foraging Model. Journal of Archaeological Science 24:39–63.Google Scholar
Botkin, Steven 1980 Effects of Human Exploitation on Shellfish Populations at Malibu Creek, California. In Modeling Change in Prehistoric Subsistence Economies, edited by T. Earle and A. Christenson, pp. 31–72. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Braje, Todd J., Erlandson, Jon M., Kennett, Douglas J., and Rick, Torben C. 2006 Archaeology and Marine Conservation. The SAA Archaeological Record 6(1):14–19.Google Scholar
Braje, Todd J., Erlandson, Jon M., and Rick, Torben C. 2004 An 8700 Year Old Midden from the South Coast of San Miguel Island, California. Current Research in the Pleistocene 21:24–25.Google Scholar
Broughton, Jack 1994 Declines in Mammalian Foraging Efficiency during the Late Holocene, San Francisco Bay, California. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 13:371–401.Google Scholar
Broughton, Jack 1997 Widening Diet Breath, Declining Foraging Efficiency, and Prehistoric Harvest Pressure: Ichthyofaunal Evidence from the Emeryville Shellmound. Antiquity 71:845–862.Google Scholar
Broughton, Jack 1999 Resource Depression and Intensification during the Late Holocene, San Francisco Bay. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Butler, Virginia L. 2000 Resource Depression on the Northwest Coast of North America. Antiquity 74:649–661.Google Scholar
Collins, Paul W. 1991a Interaction between Island Foxes (Urocyon littoralis) and Indians on Islands off the Coast of Southern California. I. Morphologic and Archaeological Evidence of Human Assisted Dispersal. Journal of Ethnobiology 11(1):51–81.Google Scholar
Collins, Paul W. 199lb Interaction between Island Foxes (Urocyon littoralis) and Native Americans on Islands off the Coast of Southern California. II. Ethnographic, Archaeological and Historical Evidence. Journal of Ethnobiology 11(2):205–229.Google Scholar
Colten, Roger H. 1993 Prehistoric Subsistence, Specialization, and Economy in a Southern California Chiefdom. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Colten, Roger H., and Arnold, Jeanne E. 1998 Prehistoric Marine Mammal Hunting on California's Northern Channel Islands. American Antiquity 63:679–701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colten, Roger H., and Arnold, Jeanne E. 2000 Native Uses of Marine Mammals on Santa Cruz and San Miguel Islands. In Proceedings of the Fifth California Islands Symposium, edited by David R. Browne, Kathryn L. Mitchell, and Henry W. Chaney, pp. 623–627. U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service, Pacific OCS Region.Google Scholar
Cox, Keith W. 1962 California Abalones, Family Haliotidae. California Fish and Game Bulletin No. 118.Google Scholar
Crumley, Carole E. (editor) 1994a Historical Ecology: Cultural Knowledge and Changing Landscapes. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Crumley, Carole E. 1994b Historical Ecology: A Multidimensional Ecological Orientation. In Historical Ecology: Cultural Knowledge and Changing Landscapes, edited by Carole E. Crumley, pp. 1–16. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Google Scholar
de Boer, W. F. 2000 Between the Tides: The Impacts of Human Exploitation on an Intertidal Ecosystem, Mozambique. Universal Press, Veenendal, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Dwyer, Peter D. 1985 A Hunt in New Guinea: Some Difficulties for Optimal Foraging Theory. Man 20:243–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erlandson, Jon M. 1991 Shellfish and Seeds as Optimal Resouces: Early Holocene Subsistence on the Santa Barbara Coast. In Hunter-Gatherers of Early Holocene Coastal California, edited by Jon M. Erlandson and Roger H. Colten, pp. 89–100. Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Erlandson, Jon M. 1994 Early Hunter-Gatherers of the California Coast. Plenum, New York.Google Scholar
Erlandson, Jon M. 2001 The Archaeology of Aquatic Adaptations: Paradigms for a New Millennium. Journal of Archaeological Research 9:287–350.Google Scholar
Erlandson, Jon M., Braje, Todd J., Rick, Torben C., and Peterson, Jenna E. 2005a Beads, Bifaces, and Boats: An Early Holocene Adaptation on the South Coast of San Miguel Island, California. American Anthropologist 107:677–683.Google Scholar
Erlandson, Jon M., Kennett, Douglas J., Ingram, B. Lynn, Guthrie, Daniel A., Morris, Don P., Tveskov, Mark A., West, G. James, and Walker, Phillip L. 1996 A Radiocarbon Chronology for the Archaeology and Paleontology of Daisy Cave, San Miguel Island, California. Radiocarbon 38(2):355–373.Google Scholar
Erlandson, Jon M., Rick, Torben C., and Batterson, Melissa R. 2004a Busted Balls Shell Midden (CA-SMI-606): An Early Coastal Site on San Miguel Island, California. North American Archaeologist 25(3):251–272.Google Scholar
Erlandson, Jon M., Rick, Torben C., Estes, James A., Graham, Michael H., Braje, Todd J., and Vellanoweth, Rene L. 2005b Sea Otters, Shellfish, and Humans: A 10,000 Year Record from San Miguel Island, California. In Proceedings of the Sixth California Islands Conference, edited by David K. Garcelon and Catherin A. Schwemm, pp. 9–21. Institute for Wildlife Studies, Areata, California.Google Scholar
Erlandson, Jon M., Rick, Torben C., and Vellanoweth, René L. 2004b Human Impacts on Ancient Environments: A Case Study from California’s Northern Channel Islands. In Voyages of Discovery: The Archaeology of Islands, edited by Scott Fitzpatrick, pp. 51–83. Praeger, Westport, Connecticut.Google Scholar
Erlandson, Jon M., Rick, Torben C., Vellanoweth, René L., and Kennett, Douglas J. 1999 Maritime Subsistence from a 9300 Year Old Shell Midden on Santa Rosa Island, California. Journal of Field Archaeology 26(3):255–265.Google Scholar
Erlandson, Jon M., Vellanoweth, René L., Rick, Torben C., and Reid, Melissa R. 2005c Coastal Foraging at Otter Cave: A 6600 Year Old Shell Midden on San Miguel Island, California. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 25(1):69–86.Google Scholar
Foley, Robert 1985 Optimality Theory in Anthropology. Man 20:222–242.Google Scholar
Friddell, Julie E., Thunell, Robert C., Guilderson, Thomas P., and Kashgarian, Michaele 2003 Increased Northeast Pacific Climatic Variability during the Warm Middle Holocene. Geophysical Research Letters 30(11):1–4.Google Scholar
Gamble, Lynn H. 2002 Archaeological Evidence for the Origin of the Plank Canoe in North America. American Antiquity 67:301–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glassow, Michael A. 1993 The Occurrence of Red Abalone Shells in Northern Channel Island Archaeological Middens: Implications for Climatic Reconstruction. In Third California Islands Symposium: Recent Advances in Research on the California Islands, edited by F.G. Hochberg, pp. 567–578. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California.Google Scholar
Glassow, Michael A. 1996 Purisimeño Chumash Prehistory: Maritime Adaptations Along the Southern California Coast. Harcourt Brace. Fort Worth, Texas.Google Scholar
Glassow, Michael A., and Wilcoxon, Larry 1988 Coastal Adaptations near Point Conception, California, with Particular Regard to Shellfish Exploitation. American Antiquity 53:36–51.Google Scholar
Grayson, Donald K. 2001 The Archaeological Record of Human Impact on Animal Populations. Journal of World Prehistory 15:1–68.Google Scholar
Grayson, Donald K., and Delpech, Françoise 1998 Changing Diet Breadth in the Early Upper Paleolithic of Southwestern France. Journal of Archaeological Science 25:1119–1129.Google Scholar
Grayson, Donald K., Delpech, Françoise, Rigaud, Jean-Philippe. and Simek, Jan F. 2001 Explaining the Development of Dietary Dominance by a Single Ungulate Taxon at Grotte XVI, Dordogne. France. Journal of Archaeological Science 28:115–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gremillion, Kristen J. 2006 Central Place Foraging and Food Production on the Cumberland Plateau, Eastern Kentucky. In Behavioral Ecology and the Origins of Agriculture, edited by Douglas J. Kennett and Bruce Winterhalder, pp. 41–62. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Hawkes, Kristen, Hill, Kim, and O’Connell, James F. 1982 Why Hunter-Gather: Optimal Foraging and the Ache of Eastern Paraguay. American Ethnologist 9:378–397.Google Scholar
Heusser, Linda E. 1978 Pollen in the Santa Barbara Basin, California: A 12,000 Year Record. Geological Society of America Bulletin 89:673–678.Google Scholar
Hildebrandt, William R., and Jones, Terry L. 1992 Evolution of Marine Mammal Hunting: A View from the California and Oregon Coasts. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 11:360–401.Google Scholar
Hubbs, Carl L. 1955 Water, Fish, and Man in Southern California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 54:167–168.Google Scholar
Inman, Douglas 1983 Application of Coastal Dynamics to the Reconstruction of Paleocoastlines in the Vicinity of La Jolla, California. In Quaternary Coastlines and Marine Archaeology, edited by P.M. Masters and N.C. Flemming, pp. 1–49. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Jackson, Jeremy B.C., Kirby, Michael X., Berger, Wolfgang H., Bjorndal, Karen A., Botsford, Louis W., Bourque, Bruce J., Bradbury, Roger H., Cooke, Richard, Erlandson, Jon, Estes, James A., Hughes, Terence P., Kidwell, Susan, Lange, Carina B., Lenihan, Hunter S., Pandolfi, John M., Peterson, Charles H., Steneck, Robert S., Tegner, Mia J., and Warner, Robert R. 2001 Historical Overfishing and the Recent Collapse of Coastal Ecosystems. Science 293:629–637.Google Scholar
Jerardino, Antonieta 1995 The Problem with Density Values in Archaeological Analysis: A Case Study from Tortoise Cave, Western Cape, South Africa. South African Archaeological Bulletin 50:21–27.Google Scholar
Jochim, Michael A. 1976 Hunter-Gatherer Subsistence and Settlement: A Predictive Model. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Jochim, Michael A. 1981 Strategies for Survival: Cultural Behavior in an Ecological Context. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Johnson, John R., Stafford, Thomas W., Ajie, Henry O., Morris, Don P. 2002 Arlington Springs Revisited. In Proceedings of the Fifth California Islands Symposium, edited by David R. Browne, Kathryn L. Mitchell, and Henry W. Chaney, pp. 541–545. U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service, Pacific OCS Region.Google Scholar
Jones, Philip M. 1956 Archaeological Investigation on Santa Rosa Island in 1901, edited by Robert G. Heizer and Albeit B. Elsasser, pp. 210–280. Anthropological Records of the University of California 17:2, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Jones, Terry L., and Hildebrandt, William R. 1995 Reasserting a Prehistoric Tragedy of the Commons: Reply to Lyman. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 14(1):78–98.Google Scholar
Jones, Terry L., and Richman, Jennifer R. 1995 On Mussels: Mytilus Californianus as a Prehistoric Resource. North American Archaeologist 16(1):33–58.Google Scholar
Kelly, Robert L. 1995 The Foraging Spectrum: Diversity in Hunter-Gatherer Lifeways. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Kennett, Douglas J. 2005 The Island Chumash: Behavioral Ecology of a Maritime Society. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Kennett, Douglas J., and Clifford, Robert A. 2004 Flexible Strategies for Resource Defense on the Northern Channel Islands of California: An Actor-Based Model. In Voyages of Discovery: The Archaeology of Islands, edited by Scott Fitzpatrick, pp. 21–50. Praeger, Westport, Connecticut.Google Scholar
Kennett, Douglas J., and Kennett, James P. 2000 Competitive and Cooperative Responses to Climatic Instability in Southern California. American Antiquity 65:379–395.Google Scholar
Kennett, Douglas J., Kennett, James P., Erlandson, Jon M., and Cannariato, Kevin G. 2007 Human Impact of Middle Holocene Climate Change on California’s Channel Islands. Quaternary Science Reviews, in press.Google Scholar
Kennett, James P., and Ingram, B. Lynn 1995a Paleoclimatic Evolution of the Santa Barbara Basin during the Last 20 k.y.: Marine Evidence from Hole 893A. In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 146, edited by James P. Kennett, pp. 309–325. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, Texas.Google Scholar
Kennett, James P., and Ingram, B. Lynn 1995b A 20,000 Year Record of Ocean Circulation and Climate Change from Santa Barbara Basin. Nature 377:510–514 Google Scholar
King, Chester D. 1990 Evolution of Chumash Society: A Comparative Study of Artifacts Used for Social System Maintenance in the Santa Barbara Channel Region before A.D. 1804. Garland, New York.Google Scholar
Kinlan, Brian P., Graham, Michael H., and Erlandson, Jon M. 2005 Late Quaternary Changes in the Size, Shape, and Isolation of the California Islands: Ecological and Anthropological Implications. Proceedings of the Sixth California Islands Symposium, Ventura, California, edited by David K. Garcelon and Catherin A. Schwemm, pp. 119–130. Institute for Wildlife Studies and National Park Service, Areata, California.Google Scholar
Kirch, Patrick V., Flenley, John, Steadman, David, Lamont, F., and Dawson, S. 1992 Ancient Environmental Degradation. National Geographic Research and Exploration 8:166–179.Google Scholar
Klein, Robert G., and Cruz-Uribe, Kathryn 1984 The Analysis of Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Lyman, R. Lee 1982 Archaeofauna and Subsistence Studies. Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory 5:331–393.Google Scholar
MacArthur, Robert H., and Pianka, Eric R. 1966 On Optimal Use of a Patchy Environment. American Naturalist 100(916):603–609.Google Scholar
Madsen, David B., and Schmitt, Dave N. 1998 Mass Collecting and the Diet Breadth Model: A Great Basin Example. Journal of Archaeological Science 25:445–455.Google Scholar
Meehan, Betty 1982 Shell Bed to Shell Midden. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra.Google Scholar
Moss, Madonna L. 1989 Cultural Ecology of the Prehistoric Angoon Tlingit. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara.Google Scholar
Moss, Madonna L. 1993 Shellfish, Gender, and Status on the Northwest Coast: Reconciling Archaeological, Ethnographic, and Ethnohistorical Records of the Tlingit. American Anthropologist 95:631–652.Google Scholar
Nagaoka, Lisa 2002 The Effects of Resource Depression on Foraging Efficiency, Diet Breadth, and Patch Use in Southern New Zealand. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 21:419–442.Google Scholar
O’Connell, James F., and Hawkes, Kristen 1988 Hadza Hunting, Butchering, and Bone Transport and their Archaeological Implications. Journal of Anthropological Research 44(2):113–161.Google Scholar
Ogden, Adele 1941 The California Sea Otter Trade 1784–1848. University of California Publications in History 26, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Orr, Phil C. 1968 Prehistory of Santa Rosa Island. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California.Google Scholar
Pauly, Daniel, Christensen, Villy, Dalsgaard, Johanne, Froese, Rainer, and Torres, Francisco Jr. 1998 Fishing Down Marine Food Webs. Science 279(5352):860–863.Google Scholar
Pew Oceans Commission 2003 America’s Living Oceans: Charting a Course for Sea Change. A Report to the Nation. Pew Oceans Commission, Arlington, VA.Google Scholar
Raab, L. Mark 1992 An Optimal Foraging Analysis of Prehistoric Shellfish Collecting on San Clemente Island, California. Journal of Ethnobiology 12:63–80.Google Scholar
Redman, Charles L. 1999 Human Impact on Ancient Environments. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Redman, Charles L., James, Steven R., Fish, Paul, and Daniel Rogers, J. (editors) 2004 The Archaeology of Global Change: The Impact of Humans on their Environment. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. Google Scholar
Rick, Torben C. 2004 Daily Activities, Community Dynamics, and Historical Ecology on California’s Northern Channel Islands. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene.Google Scholar
Rick, Torben C., and Erlandson, Jon M. (editors) 2007 Ancient Human Impacts on Marine Environments. University of California Press, Berkeley, in press.Google Scholar
Rick, Torben C., Erlandson, Jon M., Vellanoweth, Rene L., and Braje, Todd J. 2005 From Pleistocene Mariners to Complex Hunter-Gatherers: The Archaeology of the California Channel Islands. Journal of World Prehistory 19:169–228.Google Scholar
Rick, Torben C., Vellanoweth, René L., Erlandson, Jon M., and Kennett, Douglas J. 2002 On the Antiquity of the Single-Piece Shell Fishhook: AMS Radiocarbon Evidence from the Southern California Coast. Journal of Archaeological Science 29:933–942.Google Scholar
Reitz, Elizabeth J., and Wing, Elizabeth S. 1999 Zooarchaeology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Schoenherr, Allan A., Feldmeth, C. Robert, and Emerson, Michael J. 1999 Natural History of the Islands of California. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Shannon, Claude Elwood, and Weaver, Warren 1949 The Mathematical Theory of Communication. The University of Illinois Press, Urbana.Google Scholar
Sharp, John T. 2000 Shellfish Analysis from the Punta Arena Site, a Middle Holocene Red Abalone Midden on Santa Cruz Island, California. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Department of Anthropology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California.Google Scholar
Smith, Erik Alden 1991 Inujjuamiut Foraging Strategies: Evolutionary Ecology of an Arctic Hunting Economy. Aldine de Gruyter, New York.Google Scholar
Steadman, David 1989 Extinction of Birds in Eastern Polynesia: A Review of the Record, and Comparisons with other Pacific Island Groups. Journal of Archaeological Science 16:177–205.Google Scholar
Thomas, Frank R. 2001 Mollusk Habitats and Fisheries in Kiribati: An Assessment from the Gilbert Islands. Pacific Science 55:77–97.Google Scholar
Ugan, Andrew 2005 Does Size Matter? Body Size, Mass Collecting, and their Implications for Understanding Prehistoric Foraging Behavior. American Antiquity 70:75–89.Google Scholar
van der Leeuw, Sander, and Redman, Charles L. 2002 Placing Archaeology at the Center of Socionatural Studies. American Antiquity 67:597–605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vellanoweth, Rene L. 1998 Earliest Island Fox Remains on the Southern Channel Islands: Evidence from San Nicolas Island, California. Journal of California Great Basin Anthropology 20(1):100–108.Google Scholar
Walker, Phillip L., Kennett, Douglas J., Jones, Terry L., and Delong, Robert 2000 Archaeological Investigations of the Point Bennett Pinniped Rookery on San Miguel Island. In The Fifth California Islands Symposium, edited by David R. Browne, Kathryn L. Mitchell, and Henry W. Chaney, pp. 628–632. U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service, Pacific OCS Region.Google Scholar
Winterhalder, Bruce 1986 Diet Choice, Risk, and Food Sharing in a Stochastic Environment. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 5:369–392.Google Scholar
Winterhalder, Bruce 1994 Concepts in Historical Ecology: The View from Evolutionary Theory. In Historical Ecology: Cultural Knowledge and Changing Landscapes, edited by Carole E. Crumley, pp. 17–42. School of American Research Press. Santa Fe, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Winterhalder, Bruce, Baillargeon, W., Cappelleto, F., Daniel, R., and Prescott, C. 1988 The Population Dynamics of Hunter-Gatherers and their Prey. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 7:289–328.Google Scholar
Winterhalder, Bruce, and Lu, Flora 1997 A Forager-Resource Population Ecology Model and Implications for Indigenous Conservation. Conservation Biology 11(6):1354-1364.Google Scholar
Winterhalder, Bruce, and Smith, Eric Alden 1992 Evolutionary Ecology and the Social Sciences. In Evolutionary Ecology and Human Behavior, edited by Eric Alden Smith and Bruce Winterhalder, pp. 3–24. Aldine de Gruyter, New York.Google Scholar
Winterhalder, Bruce, and Smith, Eric Alden 2000 Analyzing Adaptive Strategies: Human Behavioral Ecology at Twenty-Five. Evolutionary Anthropology 9(2):51–72.Google Scholar
Yellen, John E. 1977 Long Term Hunter-Gatherer Adaptation to Desert Environments: A Biogeographical Perspective. World Archaeology 8(3):262–274.Google Scholar
York, Andrew L. 1996 An Archaeological Survey of Jolla Vieja Canyon Santa Rosa Island, California. Unpublished report submitted to Channel Islands National Park, Ventura, California.Google Scholar