Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-05T13:43:42.701Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Evolution of a Caddo Community in Northeastern Texas: The Oak Hill Village Site (41RK214), Rusk County, Texas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Timothy K. Perttula  and
Robert Rogers
Timothy K. Perttula
Affiliation:
Archeological & Environmental Consultants, LLC, 10101 Woodhaven Dr., Austin, Texas 78753 ([email protected])
Robert Rogers
Affiliation:
PBS&J, 6504 Bridge Point Parkway, Suite 200, Austin, Texas 78730 ([email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Oak Hill Village (41RK214) in northeastern Texas is a prehistoric (ca. A.D. 1150–1450) Caddo settlement that was completely excavated in the mid-1990s prior to lignite mining activities. Analysis of the architectural remains, key calibrated radiocarbon dates, and changes in ceramic decorations, indicates that the village evolved as three temporally and spatially different communities composed of a number of separate households. Emerging in the latter two communities were important social institutions (a plaza, an earthen mound, and specialized structures with extended entranceways) that bound this singular Caddo community together for approximately 150–200 years (ca. A.D. 1250–1450).

Résumé

Résumé

La aldea Oak Hill (41EK214) en el noreste de Texas es un asentamiento prehistórico (ca. A.D. 1150–1450) de los Caddos. Este pueblo fue completamente excavado a mediados de la década de 1990, antes de la actividad de mineria de lignito. Los análisis de los restos arquitectónicos, el fechado de radiocarbón calibrado, y cambios en las cerámicas decoradas, indican que el pueblo evolucionó en tres épocas en tiempo y espacio para formar diferentes comunidades compuestas por un número de unidades domésticas separadas. Emergieron en las dos últimas comunidades instituciones sociales de importancia (la plaza, un montículo de tierra, y estructuras especializadas con entradas extendidas) que unieron esta comunidad Caddo por cerca de 150–200 años (ca. A.D. 1250–1450).

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 72 , Issue 1 , January 2007 , pp. 71 - 94
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Anderson, David G. 2001 Climate and Culture Change in Prehistoric and Early Historic Eastern North America. Archaeology of Eastern North America 29:143–186.Google Scholar
Bradley, Raymond S., Briffa, K. R., Cole, J., Hughes, M. K., and Osborn, T. J. 2003 The Climate of the Last Millennium. In Paleoclimate, Global Change and the Future, edited by Keith D. Alverson, Raymond S. Bradley, and Thomas F. Pedersen, pp. 105–141. Springer, Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casselberry, Samuel E. 1974 Further Refinement of Formulae for Determining Population from Floor Space. World Archaeology 6(1):117–124.Google Scholar
Cook, Sherburne F. 1972 Prehistoric Demography. In Current Topics in Anthropology, vol. 3, module 16, pp. 1–42. Addison-Wesley Modular Publications. Reading, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Dering, J. Phil 2004 Archaeobotanical Evidence for Agriculture and Wild Plant Use at 41RK214. In The Oak Hill Village Site (41RK214), Rusk County, Texas, by Robert Rogers and Timothy K. Perttula, pp. 329–336. Document No. 030083. PBS&J, Austin.Google Scholar
Duffield, Lathael F. 1969 Vertebrate Faunal Remains from the School Land I and School Land II Sites. Bulletin of the Oklahoma Anthropological Society 18:47–65.Google Scholar
Elson, Katherine M., Smith, Christopher, and Perttula, Timothy K. 2004 Additional Maize Studies. In The Oak Hill Village Site (41RK2I4), Rusk County, Texas, by Robert Rogers and Timothy K. Perttula, pp. 337–344. Document No. 030083. PBS&J, Austin.Google Scholar
Frink, Douglas S., and Perttula, Timothy K. 2002 OCR Data from East Texas and Implications for Long-Term Weather Patterns. In Archeological Investigations at the Proposed Lake Naconiche, Nacogdoches County, Texas, edited by Timothy K. Perttula, pp. 323–335. 2 Vols. Report of Investigations No. 42. Archeological and Environmental Consultants, Austin.Google Scholar
Jackson, A. T. 2004 Excavation of an Earth Mound, Bowie County, Texas. Caddoan Archeology Journal 13(3–4):57–64.Google Scholar
Jelks, Edward B., and Tunnell, Curtis D. 1959 The Harroun Site, A Fulton Aspect Component of the Caddoan Area, Upshur County, Texas. Archaeology Series No. 2. Department of Anthropology, the University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
Perttula, Timothy K. 2004 Decorated Ceramics. In The Oak Hill Village Site (41RK214), Rusk County, Texas, by Robert Rogers and Timothy K. Perttula, pp. 209–271. Document No. 030083. PBS&J, Austin.Google Scholar
Perttula, Timothy K. (editor) 2005 Archeological Investigations at the Pilgrim’s Pride Site (41CP304), a Titus Phase Community in the Big Cypress Creek Basin, Camp County, Texas. 2 Vols. Report of Investigations No. 30. Archeological & Environmental Consultants, LLC, Austin.Google Scholar
Perttula, Timothy K., and Nelson, Bo 2003 The Nawi haia ina Site (4IRK170): Archeological Investigations in the City of Henderson’s Southside Wastewater Treatment Plant, Rusk County, Texas. Report of Investigations No. 51. Archeological & Environmental Consultants, LLC, Austin.Google Scholar
Perttula, Timothy K., and Nelson, Bo 2004 Woodland and Caddo Archeology at the Broadway or Kanduts ‘ah Kuhnihdahahdisa’Site (41SM273) on the City of Tyler-Lake Palestine WTP Project, Smith County, Texas. Report of Investigations No. 50. Archeological & Environmental Consultants, LLC, Austin.Google Scholar
Robinson, W. S. 1951 A Method for Chronologically Ordering Archaeological Deposits. American Antiquity 16:295–300.Google Scholar
Rogers, Robert 2004 The Caddoan Village. In The Oak Hill Village Site (41RK2I4), Rusk County, Texas, by Robert Rogers and Timothy K. Perttula, pp. 49–96. Document No. 030083. PBS&J, Austin.Google Scholar
Rogers, Robert, and Perttula, Timothy K. 2004 The Oak Hill Village Site (41RK2I4), Rusk County, Texas. Document No. 030083. PBS&J, Austin.Google Scholar
Rogers, Robert, Foster, Eugene, and Reese-Taylor, Kathryn 1994 National Register Testing at Eight Archaeological Sites within the Oak Hill 2,280-Acre Study Area, Rusk County, Texas. Document No. 930169. Espey, Huston & Associates, Austin.Google Scholar
Sabo, George III 1998 The Structure of Caddo Leadership in the Colonial Era. In The Native History of the Caddo: Their Place in Southeastern Archeology and Ethnohistory, edited by Timothy K. Perttula and James E. Bruseth, pp. 159–174. Studies in Archeology 30. Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
Schambach, Frank F. 1996 Mounds, Embankments, and Ceremonialism in the Trans-Mississippi South. In Mounds, Embankments, and Ceremonialism in the Midsouth, edited by Robert C. Mainfort and Robert Walling, pp. 36–43. Research Series No. 46. Arkansas Archeological Survey, Fayetteville.Google Scholar
Smith, Bruce D. 1978 Prehistoric Patterns of Human Behavior: A Case Study in the Mississippi Valley. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Spock, Carolyn 1977 An Analysis of the Architectural and Related Features at the George C. Davis Site. Master’s thesis, Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
Stahle, David W., and Cleaveland, Malcolm K. 1995 Texas Paleoclimatic Data from Daily to Millenial Time Scales. In The Changing Climate of Texas: Predictability and Implications for the Future, edited by James Norwine, James R. Giardino, Gerald R. North, and Juan B. Valdes, pp. 49–69. GeoBooks, College of Geosciences and Maritime Studies, Texas A&M University, College Station.Google Scholar
Story, Dee Ann 1997 Archeological Investigations at the George C. Davis Site, Cherokee County, Texas. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society 6:81–113.Google Scholar
Story, Dee Ann 1998 The George C. Davis Site Mounds, Structures, and Burials: Glimpses into Early Caddoan Symbolism and Ideology. In The Native History of the Caddo: Their Place in Southeastern Archaeology and Ethnohistory, edited by Timothy K. Perttula and James E. Bruseth, pp. 9–43. Studies in Archeology 30. Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
Story, Dee Ann 2000 Introduction. In The George C. Davis Site, Cherokee County, Texas, by H. Perry Newell and Alex D. Krieger, pp. 1–31. 2nd Edition. Society for American Archaeology, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Stuiver, Minze, and Reimer, Paula J. 1993 Extended 14C Data Base and Revised CALIB Radiocarbon Calibration Program. Radiocarbon 35:215–230.Google Scholar
Stuiver, Minze, Reimer, Paula J., Bard, Edouard, Warren Beck, J., Burr, G. S., Hughen, Konrad A., Kromer, Bemd, McCormac, Gerry, Plicht, Johannes van der, and Spurk, Marco 1998 INTCAL98 Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 24000-0 cal BR Radiocarbon 40(3):1041–1083.Google Scholar
Thurmond, J. Peter 1990 Archeology of the Cypress Creek Drainage Basin, Northeastern Texas and Northwestern Louisiana. Studies in Archeology 5. Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
Walters, Mark 2001 Archaeological Investigations and Oxidizable Carbon Ratio Dates from 41RK476, Rusk County, Texas. Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology 15:9–27.Google Scholar
Walters, Mark 2003 The Wolf Site(41SM195), Smith County, Texas. Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology 18:1–21.Google Scholar
Walters, Mark, and Haskins, Patti 2000 The Bryan Hardy Site (41SM55), Smith County, Texas. Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology 12:1–26.Google Scholar
Walters, Mark, Haskins, Patti, Jurney, David H., Eileen Gold-borer, S., and Perttula, Timothy K. 1998 Archaeological Investigations at the Redwine Site (41SM193), Smith County, Texas. Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology 11:1–38.Google Scholar
Yaeger, Jason, and Canuto, Marcello A. 2000 Introducing an Archaeology of Communities. In The Archaeology of Communities: A New World Perspective, edited by Marcello A. Canuto and Jason Yaeger, pp. 1–15. Routledge, London and New York.Google Scholar