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Early Art in North America: Clovis and Later Paleoindian Incised Artifacts from the Gault Site, Texas (41BL323)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ashley K. Lemke ,
D. Clark Wernecke  and
Michael B. Collins
Ashley K. Lemke
Affiliation:
Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Ave, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 ([email protected])
D. Clark Wernecke
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Texas State University, 266 Evans Liberal Arts, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas 78666
Michael B. Collins
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Texas State University, 266 Evans Liberal Arts, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas 78666
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Abstract

Engraved and carved bone and stone artifacts capture our imaginations and are known worldwide from archaeological contexts, but they are seemingly rare and oftentimes difficult to recognize. While preservation issues play a role in the limited recovery of early art objects, research on incised stones and bone from the Gault site in Texas demonstrates that an expectation to find such artifacts plays a key role in their identification and recovery. The presence of incised stones found by collectors at Gault alerted archaeologists to the potential for finding early art in systematic excavations. To date, 11 incised stones and one engraved bone of Paleoindian age (13,000–9,000 calibrated years before present) have been recovered and of these, the Clovis artifacts are among the earliest portable art objects from secure context in North America. The presence of incised stone and bone at Gault led to the development of an examination protocol for identifying and analyzing engraved and incised artifacts that can be applied to a wide variety of archaeological contexts.

Hueso grabado y tallado tanto como artefactos de piedra capturan nuestra imagínación y son conocidos desde contextos arqueológicos por todo el mundo, pero son aparentemente raro o escaso y muchas veces difícil a identificar. Mientras que los problemas de preservación desempeñan un papel en la recuperación limitada de objetos de arte temprano, la investigación sobre piedras y huesos grabados del sitio Gault, Texas demuestra que la expectativa de encontrar tales artefactos juega un papel clave en su identificación y recuperación. La presencia de piedras grabadas encontradas por los coleccionistas en Gault llamó la atención a los arqueólogos a la posibilidad de encontrar arte de los principios con excavaciones sistemáticas. Hasta la fecha, once piedras grabadas y un hueso grabado de la época Paleoindio (13,000–9,000 años cal BP) han sido recuperados y de éstos, los artefactos Clovis son los primeros objetos portátiles de arte de contexto seguro en América del Norte. La presencia de piedras y huesos grabados en Gault resulta en el desarrollo de una sistema para identificar y analizar los artefactos grabados que se pueden aplicar a una amplio surtido de contextos arqueológicos.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 80 , Issue 1 , January 2015 , pp. 113 - 133
Copyright
Copyright © 2015 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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