Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T22:08:11.089Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Copena Galena: Source Identification and Analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

John A. Walthall
Affiliation:
Illinois Department of Transportation, 2300 South Dirksen Parkway, Springfield, IL 62764
Stephen H. Stow
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geography, University of Alabama, University, AL 35486
Marvin J. Karson
Affiliation:
Department of Statistics, University of Alabama, University, AL 35486

Abstract

Galena artifacts from Middle Woodland Copena burial mounds have been analyzed by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry in order to determine their trace element compositions. These results are compared to trace element characteristics of galena sources in eastern North America. Analysis to date suggests the Upper Mississippi Valley galena district as the source for these artifacts. Implications concerning Middle Woodland exchange systems are also offered.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 1980

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Agnew, A. F. 1955 Application of geology to the discovery of zinc-lead ore in the Wisconsin-Illinois-Iowa district. Trans AIME 202:781794.Google Scholar
Anderson, T. W. 1958 An introduction to multivariate statistical analysis. John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Bradbury, J. C. 1959 Crevice lead-zinc deposits of northwestern Illinois. Illinois State Geological Survey RI 210.Google Scholar
Bodsie, D. C, Hare, E. H. Jr., and Dingess, P. R. 1968 The geology and ore deposits of the Tri-States district of Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma. In Ore Deposits of the United States, edited by Ridge, J. R., pp. 400430. American Institute of Mining, Metallurgicaland Petroleum Engineers, New York.Google Scholar
Broadhead, G. C. 1894 Fleport of the geological survey of Missouri 1:380734.Google Scholar
Brown, C. E., and Whitlow, J. W. 1960 Geology of the Dubuque South Quadrangle, Iowa-Illinois. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1123A.Google Scholar
Brush, G. J. 1852 Note on the fluor-spar locality of Gallatin Co., 111. The American Journal of Science and Arts XIV:112.Google Scholar
Calvin, S., and Bain, H. F. 1906 Annual report, 1899. Iowa Geological Survey X:480622.Google Scholar
Chamberlain, T. C. 1882 Geology of Wisconsin. Wisconsin Geological Survey IV:367568.Google Scholar
ColeFay-Cooper, , and Deuel, Thome 1937 Rediscovering Illinois: archaeological exploration in and around Fulton County. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Currier, L. W. 1935 Zinc and lead region of southwestern Virginia. Virginia Geological Survey Bulletin 43.Google Scholar
Currier, L. W. 1974 BMD medical computer programs. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Flannery, Kent V. 1967 The Olmec and the valley of Oaxaca: a model for inter-regional interaction in Formative times. In Dumbarton Oaks Conference on the Olmec, edited by Benson, E. P., pp. 79110. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC. Google Scholar
Griffin, James B., Gordus, A. A., and Wright, G. A. 1969 Identification of the sources of Hopewellian obsidian in the Middle West. American Antiquity 34:114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, J., and Whitney, J. D. 1858 Report on the Illinois geological survey 1:422468.Google Scholar
Hall, W. E., and Heyl, A. V. 1968 Distribution of minor elements in ore and host rock, Illinois-Kentucky fluorite district and upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district. Economic Geology 63:655670.Google Scholar
Hayes, C. W., and Lindgren, W. 1908 Contributions to economic geology. U.S. Geological Bulletin 340:187230.Google Scholar
Henning, Dale R. 1970 Development and interrelationships of Oneota culture in the Iowa-Missouri River Valley. Missouri Archaeologist 32:7686.Google Scholar
Heyl, A. V. 1968 The Upper Mississippi Valley base metal district. In Ore deposits of the United States, edited by Ridge, J. R., pp. 431459. American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, New York. Google Scholar
Heyl, A. V., Deleuzux, A. H., Zartman, R. E., and Brock, M. R. 1966 Isotopic study of galenas from the upper Mississippi Valley, the Illinois-Kentucky, and some Appalachian Valley mineral districts. Economic Geology 61:933961.Google Scholar
Hoagland, A. D., Hill, W. T. and Fulweiler, R. E. 1965 Genesis of the Ordivician zinc deposits in east Tennessee. Economic Geology 60:693714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, J. 1952 Structural environments of the lead deposits in the southeastern Missouri mining district. Economic Geology 47:650660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Walter B. 1939 Geology of the Tennessee Valley region of Alabama. In An archaeological survey of the Wheeler Basin on the Tennessee River in northern Alabama, edited by Webb, William S.. Bureau of AmericanEthnology, Bulletin 122.Google Scholar
Keyes, C. R. 1896 Geology of the Mine LaMotte Sheet. Missouri Geological Survey IX:4132.Google Scholar
Kshirsager, A. M. 1972 Multivariate analysis. Marcel Dekker, New York.Google Scholar
Lachenbruch, P. A. 1975 Discriminant analysis. Hafner, New York.Google Scholar
Mills, William C. 1916 Exploration of the Tremper Mound. Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Quarterly 16:11393.Google Scholar
Moore, Clarence B. 1905 Certain aboriginal remains of the Black Warrior River. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 13:125244.Google Scholar
Morrison, D. F. 1976 Multivariate statistical methods [second ed.]. McGraw-Hill, New York.Google Scholar
Mullins, R. E. 1964 Geology of the Cuba City, new digging and Shullsburg quadrangles, Wisconsin and Illinois. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1123-H:437531.Google Scholar
Pires-Ferreira, Jane W., and Flannery, Kent V. 1976 Ethnographic models for Formative exchange. In The early Mesoamerican village, edited by Flannery, K. V., pp. 286292. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Renfrew, C. A., Dixon, J. E., and Cann, J. R. 1968 Further analysis of Near Eastern obsidians. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 34:319331.Google Scholar
Ritchie, William A. 1965 The archaeology of New York State. Natural History Press, Garden City, NY.Google Scholar
Rogers, J. 1948 Geology and mineral deposits of Bumpass Cove, Unicoi and Washington Counties, Tennessee. Tennessee Department of Conservation, Division of Geology Bulletin 54.Google Scholar
Schockel, B. H. 1916 Settlement and development of J. Daviess County. In Geology and geography of the Galena and Elizabeth Quadrangles, edited by Trowbridge, A. C. and Shaw, E. W.. Illinois Geological Survey Bulletin 26:173228.Google Scholar
Smith, W. S. T., and Siebenthal, C. E. 1908 Mineral resources of northeastern Oklahoma. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 340:187230.Google Scholar
Snyder, F. E., and Gerdermann, P. E. 1968 Geology of the southeast Missouri lead district. In Ore deposits of the United States, edited by Bridge, J. R., pp. 327358. American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, New York.Google Scholar
Struever, Stuart, and Houart, Gail L. 1972 An analysis of the Hopewellian Interaction Sphere. In Social exchange and interaction, edited by Wilmsen, E. N., pp. 4780. University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology Anthropological Papers No.46.Google Scholar
Ulrich, E. O., and Smith, W. T. S. 1905 The lead, zinc and fluorospar deposits of western Kentucky. U.S. Geological Survey Professor Paper 36.Google Scholar
Walthall, John A. 1973 Copena: a Tennessee Valley Middle Woodland culture. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.Google Scholar
Weller, J. M., Grogan, R. M., and Tippie, F. E. 1952 Geology of the fluorospar deposits of Illinois. Illinois Geological Survey Bulletin 76.Google Scholar
Whitney, J. D. 1866 Geology of the lead region. In Geological survey of Illinois 1:153207.Google Scholar
Whitney, J. D., Lesquereux, L., and Englemann, H. 1866 Geology of Jo Daviess County. Geological survey of Illinois 1:207223.Google Scholar
Winslow, A. 1893 Lead and zinc deposits. Missouri Geological Survey 1:113162.Google Scholar
Worthen, A. H., and Englemann, H. 1866 Geology of Hardin County. Geological Survey of Illinois 1:163247 Google Scholar