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Autonomy and Regional Systems in the Late Prehistoric Southern Southwest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

John E. Douglas
John E. Douglas*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812
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Abstract

A regional systems approach has become a mainstay for examining intersocietal interaction in the prehistoric Southwest, although problems with the approach exist. Particularly problematic for the model is how smaller-scale societies might have interacted with larger-scale societies. As a case study in comprehending “areas in between,” I examine the Animas phase (about A.D. 1150-1450), located in extreme southeastern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and northeastern Sonora. Considerable controversy exists over the relationship between Animas phase sites and the much more imposing remains found at and near Paquίmé (Casas Grandes) in northwestern Chihuahua. This debate is explored through two contrasting theories about smaller-scale societies: (1) that they are relatively stable and autonomous remnants of older social systems or (2) that they are dependent peripheries marginalized by core areas. Neither of the models appears to adequately explain the mosaic of features that the Animas phase possesses. A more dynamic model is proposed that recognizes the presence of regional interaction, the low efficiency and high costs of interactión for the prehistoric Southwest, and the sources of power of small-scale social systems.

Resumen

Resumen

Los estudios sobre la interacción entre las sociedades del suroeste prehistórico han utilizado, por lo general, un modelo regional sistemático, a pesar de los serios problemas que tal acercamiento conlleva. Resulta particularmente problemática la determinación del grado de interacción que sociedades de menor escala, desarrolladas en los lίmites de sociedades más extensas, puedan haber tenido con otros grupos. Como ejemplo de éstas “areas fronterizas” examino la fase Animas (alrededor de 1150-1450 D.C.), ubicada al sureste de Arizona, el suroeste de New Mexico y el noreste de Sonora. Existe controversia en cuanto a la relación entre la fase Animas y los numerosos e importantes restos encontrados en Paquίmé y sus alrededores (Casas Grandes) en el noroeste de Chihuahua. Dos teorίs contrastantes acerca de la sociedades de menor escala se han propuesto: (1) que son vestigios relativamente autónomos y estables de sistemás sociales más antiguos y (2) que son grupos periféricos marginalizados por las areas centrales. Ninguno de los anteriores acercamientos parece explicar adecuadamente el mosaico de rasgos que la fase Animas despliega. Se propone aquί un modelo más dinámico que tenga en cuenta la presencia de una interacción regional, la poca eficiencia y el alto costo de la interacción del suroeste prehistórico, y las fuentes de poder de los sistemas sociales de menor escala.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 60 , Issue 2 , April 1995 , pp. 240 - 257
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1995

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