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Archaeological and Ecological Perspectives on Reorganization: A Case Study from the Mimbres Region of the U.S. Southwest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Margaret C. Nelson ,
Michelle Hegmon ,
Stephanie Kulow  and
Karen Gust Schollmeyer
Margaret C. Nelson
Affiliation:
School of Human Evolution and Social Change (formerly Department of Anthropology), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402
Michelle Hegmon
Affiliation:
School of Human Evolution and Social Change (formerly Department of Anthropology), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402
Stephanie Kulow
Affiliation:
School of Human Evolution and Social Change (formerly Department of Anthropology), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402
Karen Gust Schollmeyer
Affiliation:
School of Human Evolution and Social Change (formerly Department of Anthropology), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402
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Abstract

Collapse and abandonment dominate the popular literature on prehistoric societies, yet we know that reorganization is a more common process by which social and ecological relationships change. We explore the process of reorganization using the emerging perspective of resilience theory. Ecologists and social scientists working within a resilience perspective have argued that reorganization is an important component of long-term adaptive cycles, but it remains understudied in both social science and ecology. One of the central assumptions to emerge from the resilience perspective is that declines in the diversity of social and ecological units contribute to transformations in social and ecological systems. We evaluate this assumption using archaeological data, which offer an opportunity to investigate a time span rarely examined in studies of resilience and reorganization. We focus on the 11th to 13th century in the eastern Mimbres area of southwestern New Mexico, a period within which a substantial reorganization occurred. Much is known about the regional-scale changes that resulted in the depopulation of nearly every large village in the Mimbres region, what some have referred to as the “Mimbres collapse.” Our analyses examine both continuity and change in aspects of house- and village-level reorganization.

Résumé

Résumé

Términos como colapso y abandono dominan la literatura popular acerca de las sociedades prehistóricas, sin embargo sabemos que la reorganización es un proceso mucho más común por el cual cambian las relaciones sociales y ecológicas. Exploramos aquí el proceso de la reorganización usando la emergente perspectiva de la teoría de la resistencia. Los ecologistas y científicos sociales que trabajan con la perspectiva de esta teoría han argumentado que la reorganización es un importante componente de los ciclos adaptativos a largo plazo, pero aún se encuentra sin estudiar tanto en las ciencias sociales como en la ecología. Evaluamos esta hipótesis usando datos arqueológicos, los cuales ofrecen un lapso de tiempo raramente examinado en los estudios de resistencia y reorganización. Nos enfocamos en los sighs 11° y 13°, y en la parte Este del área de Mimbres, ubicada en el Suroeste de Nuevo México, un periodo en el cual ocurrió una reorganización substancial. Mucho se sabe de los cambios a escala regional que dieron como resultado el despoblamiento de casi cada aldea en la región de Mimbres, el cual algunos han referido como el “colapso de Mimbres.” Nuestro análisis examina tanto la continuidad como el cambio en los aspectos de la reorganización a nivel de las casas y las aldeas.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 71 , Issue 3 , July 2006 , pp. 403 - 432
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2006 

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