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Site-Use Intensity, Cultural Modification of the Environment, and the Development of Agricultural Communities in Southern Arizona

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Rebecca M. Dean
Rebecca M. Dean*
Affiliation:
F.C.H.S., Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000 Faro, Portugal ([email protected])
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Abstract

Some non-prey animals, including certain rodent and bird species, are particularly good indicators of local environments, and are argued to provide an alternative way to look at the emergence of sedentism before, during, and after the transition to agriculture. With the first villages and irrigated fields, human impacts on the environment opened new ecological niches and affected the composition of local pest populations. Some of these animals would have been attracted to the new food sources available in village environments, while others may have been driven away by the destruction of their habitat. In southern Arizona, changes in archaeological pest assemblages are a source of information on the degree of site-use intensity prehistorically and how it changed through the Archaic and Hohokam cultural sequence. Faunal data from the Hohokam region suggest that the earliest farmers in the region were not significantly more sedentary than their Middle Archaic predecessors, and indeed site-use intensity did not increase substantially until well after the introduction of domestic plants.

Résumé

Résumé

Animales no predadores, incluidas especies de roedores y pájaros, sirven particularmente como buenos indicadores de medios ambientes locales y pueden proveer de una manera alternativa de ver el surgimiento del sedentarismo antes, durante y después de la transición a la agricultura. Con las primeras aldeas y campos irrigados, el impacto humano en el medio ambiente abrió nuevos nichos ecológicos y afectó la composición de las poblaciones de las plagas de especies locales. Algunos de estos animales pudieron haber sido atraídos por las nuevas fuentes alimenticias ubicadas en el medio ambiente de las aldeas, mientras que otras especies fueron desplazadas por la destrucción de su hábitat. En el sur de Arizona, el cambio en las composiciones arqueológicas de plagas sirven como una fuente de información para determinar el grado de intensidad prehistórica del uso de sitios y como cambio en la secuencia cultural del Arcaico a Hohokam. Información de fauna de la región Hohokam sugiere que los primeros agricultores en la región no fueron significativamente más sedentarios que sus predecesores del Arcaico Medio y la intensidad de uso de sitio no se incrementó sustancialmente hasta bien establecida la domesticación de plantas.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 70 , Issue 3 , July 2005 , pp. 403 - 431
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2005

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