Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T13:45:59.717Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Red Bird and Sequoyah: A Reply to Simek et al.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 April 2020

Kenneth Barnett Tankersley*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH45221, USA
William Rex Weeks Jr.
Affiliation:
Chattanooga State Technical College, Chattanooga, TN37406, USA ([email protected])
*
([email protected], corresponding author)

Abstract

Red Bird was a Cherokee murdered at the Red Bird River Petroglyph site (15Cy51) and buried at the Red Bird River Rockshelter (15Cy52) during the late eighteenth century, where he left an important record of traditional petroglyphs. His legacy is key to understanding the origins of Sequoyah's Cherokee Syllabary and its relationship to rock art. Personal testimonies of Red Bird's descendants are supported by primary documents and archaeological evidence, including the letters of Sequoyah's maternal uncle, John Watts, and prototypes of Cherokee Syllabary characters engraved at 15Cy52 in 1808, when members of Sequoyah's matrilineal family resided nearby.

Red Bird fue un Cheroqui asesinado en el sitio de Red Bird River Petroglyph (15Cy51) y enterrado en Red Bird River Rockshelter (15Cy52) a fines del siglo XVIII, donde dejó un importante registro de petroglifos tradicionales. Su legado es clave para comprender los orígenes del silabario Cheroqui de Sequoyah y su relación con el arte rupestre. Los testimonios personales de los descendientes de Red Bird están respaldados por documentos primarios y evidencia arqueológica, incluidas las cartas del tío materno de Sequoyah, John Watts, y prototipos de caracteres silábicos Cheroqui grabados en 15Cy52 en 1808, cuando los miembros de la familia matrilineal de Sequoyah residían cerca.

Type
Comments
Copyright
Copyright © 2020 by the Society for American Archaeology

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Addington, Luther Foster 1972 The Brocks: Ephraim Brock and Aggie Caldwell of Eastern Kentucky and Southwest Virginia: Their Ancestry and Descendants. Historical Society of Southwest Virginia, Wise.Google Scholar
Anyon, Roger, Ferguson, T. J., Jackson, Loretta, Lane, Lillie, and Vicenti, Philip 1997 Native American Oral Tradition and Archaeology: Issues of Structure, Relevance, and Respect. In Native Americans and Archaeologists: Stepping Stones to Common Ground, edited by Swidler, Nina, Dongoske, Kurt E., Anyon, Roger, and Downer, Alan S., pp. 7787. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
Bird, Traveller 1971 Tell Them They Lie: The Sequoyah Myth. Westernlore Press, Los Angeles, California.Google Scholar
Carroll, Beau Duke, Cressler, Alan, Belt, Tom, Reed, Julie, and Simek, Jan F. 2019 Talking Stones: Cherokee Syllabary in Manitou Cave, Alabama. Antiquity 93:519536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, Elma Brock 1978 Family Legend from the War of 1812: George Brock. Knox County, Kentucky Kinfolks 2(3):1617.Google Scholar
Coy, Fred E., and Fuller, Thomas C. 1969 Red Bird River Petroglyphs, Clay County, Kentucky. Southeastern Archaeological Conference Bulletin 10:2731.Google Scholar
Damm, Charlotte 2005 Archaeology, Ethno-history and Oral Traditions: Approaches to the Indigenous Past. Norwegian Archaeological Review 38(2):7387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickey, John Jay 1898 John Jay Dickey Diary, 1882–1933. Microfilm of manuscript on file, University of Kentucky Library, Lexington.Google Scholar
Echo-Hawk, Roger C. 2000 Ancient History in the New World: Integrating Oral Traditions and the Archaeological Record. American Antiquity 65:267290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fogelson, Raymond D., and Kutsche, Paul 1961 Cherokee Economic Cooperatives: The Gadugi. In The Symposium on Cherokee and Iroquois Culture, edited by Fenton, William N. and Gulick, John, pp. 83124. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 180. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Gilbert, William H. Jr. 1944 The Eastern Cherokees. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 133. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Hoig, Stan 1995 Sequoyah: The Cherokee Genius. Oklahoma Historical Society, Oklahoma City.Google Scholar
Hymes, Dell H. 2004 “In Vain I Tried to Tell You”: Essays in Native American Ethnopoetics. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.Google Scholar
Mason, Ronald J. 2006 Inconstant Companions: Archaeology and North American Indian Oral Traditions. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.Google Scholar
Miller, Savanah 1906 Guion Miller Roll Application, #30921. Eastern Cherokee Applications of the U.S. Court of Claims, 1906–1909. National Archives, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Mooney, James 1900 Myths of the Cherokee. Nineteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Simek, Jan F., Carroll, Beau Duke, Reed, Julie, Cressler, Alan, Belt, Tom, Adams, Wayna, and White, Mary 2019 The Redbird River Shelter (15CY52) Revisited: The Archaeology of the Cherokee Syllabary and of Sequoyah in Kentucky. American Antiquity 84:115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker-Burns, Annie 1960 History Records of Harlan County, Kentucky People. A.W. Burns, Harlan, Kentucky.Google Scholar
Walker, Willard, and Sarbaugh, James 1993 The Early History of the Cherokee Syllabary. Ethnohistory 40:7094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weeks, William Rex 2004 Oral Traditions and Native North American Literacy: Rock Art, Writing, and the Cadmus Myth. New England Antiquities Research Association Journal 38(2):317.Google Scholar
Weeks, William Rex, and Tankersley, Kenneth Barnett 2011 Talking Leaves and Rocks That Teach: The Archaeological Discovery of Sequoyah's Oldest Written Record. Antiquity 85:978993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitely, Peter M. 2002 Archaeology and Oral Tradition: The Scientific Importance of Dialogue. American Antiquity 67:405415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Tankersley and Weeks supplementary material

Tankersley and Weeks supplementary material

Download Tankersley and Weeks supplementary material(File)
File 2 MB