Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T21:45:43.987Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Raven Skeletons from Paleoindian Contexts, Charlie Lake Cave, British Columbia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jonathan C. Driver
Jonathan C. Driver*
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6Canada
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Two raven skeletons were excavated from Charlie Lake Cave, British Columbia, in association with Paleoindian occupations dated at about 10,500 and 9500 B.P. The distribution and condition of the bones, the association with artifacts, the configuration and location of the site, and data from ethnographic and historic sources contribute to the argument that the two ravens were deposited deliberately by people.

Résumé

Résumé

Dos esqueletos de cuervo (Corvus corax) se excavaron en Charlie Lake Cave, Columbia Británica, en asociación con ocupaciones paleoindias fechadas alrededor de 10.500 y 9.500 a.P. La distribución y condición de los huesos, la asociación con artefactos, la configuración y ubicación de sitio, y los datos de fuentes etnográficas e históricas contribuyen al argumento que los dos Cuervos fueron de positados intencionalmente por seres humanos.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 64 , Issue 2 , April 1999 , pp. 289 - 298
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Angell, T. 1978 Ravens, Crows, Magpies and Jays. University of Washington Press, Seattle.Google Scholar
Armstrong, E.A. 1958 The Folklore of Birds. Collins, London.Google Scholar
Beckwith, M.W. 1937 Mandan-Hidatsa Myths and Ceremonies. American Folklore Society, New York.Google Scholar
Bement, L.C. 1997 The Cooper Site: A Stratified Folsom Bison Kill in Oklahoma. In Southern Plains Bison Procurement and Utiliation from Paleoindian to Historic, edited by Bement, L.C. and Buehler, K.J., pp. 85–99. Memoir 29. Plains Anthropologist.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bent, A.C. 1946 Life Histories of North American Jays, Crows and Titmice. Bulletin 191. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Berndt, R.M. 1976 Territoriality and the Problem of Demarcating Social Space. In Tribes and Boundaries in Australia, edited by Peterson, N., pp. 133–161. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra.Google Scholar
Bickart, K J. 1984 A Field Experiment in Avian Taphonomy. Journal ofVertebrate Paleontology 4(4): 525–535.Google Scholar
Birket-Smith, K. 1959 The Eskimos. Methuen, London.Google Scholar
Blondin, G. 1990 When the WorldWasNew: Tales of the Sahtu Dene. Outcrop, Yellowknife.Google Scholar
Bonnichsen, R., and Lahren, L. 1974 Bone Foreshafts from a Clovis Burial in Southwestern Montana. Science 186: 147–150.Google Scholar
Bray, R.T. 1961 The Flynn Cemetery: an Orr Focus Oneota Burial Site in Allamakee County, Iowa. Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society 10(4): 15–25.Google Scholar
Brown, J.E. 1992 Animals of the Soul. Element, Rockport.Google Scholar
Burns, J.A. 1996 Vertebrate Paleontology and the Alleged Ice-Free Corridor: the Meat of the Matter. Quaternary International 32: 107–112.Google Scholar
Buskirk, W. 1986 The Western Apache. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Cartmill, M. 1993 A View to a Death in the Morning. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
de Laguna, F. 1995 Tales from the Dena. University of Washington Press, Seattle.Google Scholar
Deller, D.B., and Ellis, C.J. 1984 Crowfield: A Preliminary Report on a Probable Paleo- Indian Cremation in Southwestern Ontario. Archaeology of Eastern North America 12: 41–71.Google Scholar
Driver, J.C. 1988 Late Pleistocene and Holocene Vertebrates and Palaeoenvironments from Charlie Lake Cave, Northeast British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25: 1545–1553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Driver, J.C. 1998 Human Adaptation at the Pleistocene/Holocene Boundary in Western Canada, 11,000 to 9000 BP. Quaternary International 49/50: 141–150.Google Scholar
Driver, J.C. Handly, M., Fladmark, K.R., Nelson, D.E., Sullivan, G.M. and Preston, R. 1996 Stratigraphy, Radiocarbon Dating, and Culture History of Charlie Lake Cave, British Columbia. Arctic 49(3): 265–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fladmark, K.R., Driver, J.C., and Alexander, D. 1988 The Palaeoindian Component at Charlie Lake Cave (HbRf 39), British Columbia. American Antiquity 53: 371–384.Google Scholar
Goodchild, P. 1991 Raven Tales. Chicago Review Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Grinnell, G.B. 1962a Blackfoot Lodge Tales. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.Google Scholar
Grinnell, G.B. 1962b The Cheyenne Indians, vol. 2. Cooper Square, New York.Google Scholar
Gubser, N.J. 1965 The Nunamiut Eskimos. Yale University Press, New Haven.Google Scholar
Handly, M.J. 1994 Lithic Assemblage Variability at Charlie Lake Cave (HbRf-39): A Stratified Rockshelter in Northeastern British Columbia. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Department of Anthropology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario.Google Scholar
Heinrich, B. 1989 Ravens in Winter. Summit Books, New York.Google Scholar
Jenness, D. 1955 The Faith of a Coast Salish Indian. Memoir 3, Anthropology in British Columbia. British Columbia Provincial Museum, Victoria.Google Scholar
Lowie, R.H. 1913 Societies of the Crow, Hidatsa and Mandan Indians. Anthropological Papers Vol. XI, Pt. III. American Museum of Natural History, New York.Google Scholar
Luckert, K.W. 1975 The Navajo Hunter Tradition. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Lundelius, EX., Graham, R.W., Anderson, E., Guilday, J., Holman,, J.A. Steadman, D.W., and Webb, D.S. 1983 Terrestrial Vertebrate Faunas. In Late-Quaternary Environments of the United States, volume 1, the Late Pleistocene, edited by Porter, S.C., pp.311–352. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.Google Scholar
Lyman, R.L. 1994 Vertebrate Taphonomy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mead, J.R. 1986 Hunting and Trading on the Great Plains, 1859-1875. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Mech, D. 1970 The Wolf. Natural History Press, Garden City, New York.Google Scholar
Mohs, G. 1987 Spiritual Sites, Ethnic Significance and Native Spirituality: The Heritage and Heritage Sites of the Sto: lo Indians of British Columbia. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Bumaby, British Columbia.Google Scholar
Myers, F.R. 1986 Pintupi Country, Pintupi Self. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra.Google Scholar
Nelson, R.K. 1973 Hunters of the Northern Forest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
O'Shea, J.M., Schrimper, G.D., and Ludwickson, J.K. 1982 Ivory-billed Woodpeckers at the Big Village of the Omaha. Plains Anthropologist 27: 245–248.Google Scholar
Parmalee, P.W. 1977 The Avifauna from Prehistoric Arikara Sites in South Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 22: 189–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rooth, A.B. 1971 The Alaska Expedition 1966. Myths,Customs and Beliefs among the Athabascan Indians and Eskimos of Northern Alaska. CWK Gleerup, Lund.Google Scholar
Rowland, B. 1978 Birds with Human Souls. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville.Google Scholar
Savage, C. 1987 Bird Brains: The Intelligence of Crows, Ravens, Magpies and Jays. Sierra Club Books, San Francisco. 1975 Bird Bones, Burials and Bundles in Plains Archaeology. American Antiquity 40:151–152.Google Scholar
Wildschut, W. 1960 Crow Indian Medicine Bundles. Museum of the American Indian, New York.Google Scholar
Wilmore, S.B. 1979 Crows, Jays, Ravens and Their Relatives. TFH Publications, Neptune, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Wissler, C. 1912 Ceremonial Bundles of the Blackfoot Indians. Anthropological Papers Vol. VII, Pt. 2. American Museum of Natural History, New York.Google Scholar
Wissler, C. 1913 Societies and Dance Associations of the Blackfoot Indians. Anthropological Papers Vol. XI, Pt. IV. American Museum of Natural History, New York.Google Scholar
Wittry, WL. 1962 A Raven Headdress from Sauk County, Wisconsin. Wisconsin Archeologist 43(4): 87–94.Google Scholar