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Mid-Holocene Evidence of Cucurbita Sp. from Central Maine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

James B. Petersen  and
Nancy Asch Sidell
James B. Petersen
Affiliation:
Archaeology Research Center, University of Maine, Farmington, ME 04938
Nancy Asch Sidell
Affiliation:
Archaeobotanical Consultant, 19 Heath Street, Oakland, ME 04963
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Abstract

A fragmentary specimen of Cucurbita sp. has been recovered from an early context at the Sharrow site in central Maine. Directly dated to the mid-Holocene epoch on the basis of an accelerator mass spectrometer assay of 5695 ± 100 B.P. (AA-7491), this squash or gourd represents one of the earliest such finds in eastern North America. It greatly expands the distribution of mid-Holocene Cucurbita beyond previous finds in the Midwest, Midsouth, and Southeast. Three alternative hypotheses derived from this discovery are that (1) Cucurbita represents a previously unrecognized native plant in the far Northeast; (2) it was present in Maine as a trade item or an unintentional introduction; or (3) it was present as the result of early cultivation, whether introduced from Mesoamerica or elsewhere in eastern North American outside of Maine. Current evidence suggests that the first two hypotheses are unlikely. This leaves open the possibility that the presence of early Cucurbita at the Sharrow site represents the introduction of a cultivated plant into Maine during the mid-Holocene.

Resumen

Resumen

Se ha recuperado una muestra fragmentaria de Cucurbita sp. de un contexto temprano del sitio Sharrow en la parte central del estado de Maine (EE.UU.). Por medio de una prueba del AMS (accelerator mass spectrometer), la muestra ha sido fechada directamente en el Holoceno medio, dando un resultado de 5695 ± 100 a.P. (AA-7491). Esta calabaza o mate representa uno de los hallazgos más tempranos de este tipo en el este de Norteamérica, expandiéndose la distribución de la Cucurbita en el Holoceno medio más aliá de los hallazgos previos en el medio oeste, sur-centro, y sudeste de Norteamérica. El hallazgo sugiere tres hipótesis alternativas; (1) que la Cucurbita representa una planta nativa previamente ignorada en el lejano noreste; (2) estuvo presente en Maine como objeto de intercambio ofue introducida casualmente; o (3) estuvo presente como resultado de una horticultura temprana introducida desde Mesoamérica o alguna parte del este de Norteamérica fuera de Maine. Las evidencias actuates sugieren que las dos primeras hipótesis son poco probables, dejando abierta la posibilidad de que la presencia de Cucurbita temprana en el sitio Sharrow represente la introductión de una planta cultivada en Maine durante el Holoceno medio.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 61 , Issue 4 , October 1996 , pp. 685 - 698
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1996

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