Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T00:09:01.142Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Kinship Theory in Archaeology: From Critiques to the Study of Transformations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Bradley E. Ensor
Bradley E. Ensor*
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminology;Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Kinship theory is argued to be an important aspect of social dynamics in past societies. However, archaeological critiques of kinship have suggested that descent and residence models are ideological constructs not associated with socioeconomic behavior, that social anthropologists believe normative kinship rules are rarely practiced, and that the models are biased by Western assumptions of biological relatedness. These critiques ignore the past several decades of kinship research. A review of kinship theory demonstrates sophisticated holistic approaches to socioeconomic behavior and ideology that are not based on biological assumptions, and that historic and ongoing social disruptions and political economic transformations have significantly altered kinship behavior. Furthermore, empirical data demonstrate adherence to kinship rules prior to historic transformations. The fact that kinship changes is argued to be the source of confusion leading to the critiques in archaeological literature but is also argued to present an opportunity for archaeologists to explain social transformations in the deep past.

Resumen

Resumen

Se ha discutido que la teoría del parentesco es un aspecto importante de la dinámica social en las sociedades del pasado. Sin embargo, las críticas del parentesco desde la arqueología han sugerido que los modelos de descendencia y residencia son construcciones ideológicas que no están asociadas con la conducta socioeconòmica, adernás que los antropólogos sociales creen que las reglas normativas de parentesco son rara vez puestas en práctica, y que los modelos están prejuiciados por suposiciones occidentales acerca de las relaciones biológicas. Estas críticas ignoran las investigaciones sobre el parentesco en últimas décadas. Una revisión de la teoría dei parentesco demuestra que se han hecho acercamientos holísticos sofisticados al comportamiento socioeconómico y a la ideologia que no están apoyados en supuestos biológicos, y que los rompimientos sociales históricos e en marcha, así como las transformaciones económicas políticas, han alterado significativamente el comportamiento en el parentesco. Además, los datos empíricos demuestran apego a las reglas de parentesco antes que a las transformaciones históricas. Se discute aqui que el hecho de que el parentesco cambia, es el origen de la confusión que lleva a las críticas en la literatura arqueológica, pero también se argumenta que esto representa una oportunidad para que los arqueólogos expliquen las transformaciones sociales en el pasado remoto.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 76 , Issue 2 , April 2011 , pp. 203 - 227
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Abbott, David 2000 Ceramics and Community Organization Among the Hohokam. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Aberle, David F. 1961 Matrilineal Descent in Cross-Cultural Perspective. In Matrilineal Kinship, edited by David Schneider and Kathleen Gough, pp. 655–727. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Allen, William L., and Richardson, James B. 1971 The Reconstruction of Kinship From Archaeological Data: The Concepts, the Methods, and the Feasibility. American Antiquity 36:41–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alvarez de Williams, Anita 1983 Cocopa. In Southwest, edited by Alfonso Ortiz, pp. 462–488. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 10, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Arcand, Bernard 1989 The Political Power of Genealogical Amnesia. Dialectical Anthropology 14:117–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, Garrick, and Peoples, James 2002 Essentials of Cultural Anthropology. Wadsworth-Thompson Learning, Belmont.Google Scholar
Barnard, Alan 2003 A Reflection of History. Journal of Cognition and Culture 3:305–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, Robert H. 1984 Two Crows Denies It: A History of Controversy in Omaha Sociology. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London.Google Scholar
Basso, Keith H. 1983 Western Apache. In Southwest, edited by Alfonso Ortiz, pp. 462–488. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 10, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Beck, Robin A. (editor) 2007a The Durable House: House Society Models in Archaeology. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Occasional Paper No. 35. Carbondale, Illinois.Google Scholar
Beck, Robin A. (editor) 2007b The Durable House: Material, Metaphor, and Structure. In The Durable House: House Society Models in Archaeology, edited by Robin A. Beck, pp. 3–24. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Occasional Paper No. 35. Carbondale, Illinois.Google Scholar
Beekman, Christopher S. 2008 Corporate Power Strategies in the Late Formative to Early Classic Tequila Valleys of Central Jalisco. Latin American Antiquity 19:414–434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackwood, Evelyn 2007 Mothers to Daughters: Social Change and Matrilineal Kinship in a Minangkabau Village. In Globalization and Change in Fifteen Cultures: Born in One World, Living in Another, edited by George Spindler and Janice E. Stockard, pp. 117–143. Thompson Wadsworth, Belmont.Google Scholar
Binford, Lewis R. 1972 Galley Pond Mound. In An Archaeological Perspective, edited by Lewis R. Binford, pp. 390–420. Seminar Press, New York.Google Scholar
Bishop, Naomi H. 2007 The Yolmo People of Melemchi, Nepal: Change and Continuity. In Globalization and Change in Fifteen Cultures: Born in One World, Living in Another, edited by George Spindler and Janice E. Stockard, pp. 199–224. Thompson Wadsworth, Belmont, California.Google Scholar
Bolender, Douglas J. 2007 House, Land, and Labor in a Frontier Landscape: The Norse Colonization of Iceland. In The Durable House: House Society Models in Archaeology, edited by Robin A. Beck, pp. 400–421. Occasional Paper No. 35. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois.Google Scholar
Bonvillain, Nancy 2006 Cultural Anthropology. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Boyer, Pascal 2003 Science, Erudition and Relevant Connections. Journal of Cognition and Culture 3:344–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandt, Elizabeth A. 1979 Sandia Pueblo. In Southwest, edited by Alfonso Ortiz, pp. 343–350. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 9, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Brown, James A. 2007 The Social House in Southeastern Archaeology. In The Durable House: House Society Models in Archaeology, edited by Robin A. Beck, pp. 227–247. University, Occasional Paper No. 35. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois Carbondale, Illinois.Google Scholar
Brown, Judith 1975 Iroquois Women: An Ethnohistoric Note. In Toward an Anthropology of Women, edited by Rayna R. Reiter, pp. 235–251. Monthly Review Press, New York.Google Scholar
Brown, Susan E. 1975 Love Unites Them and Hunger Separates Them: Poor Women in the Dominican Republic. In Toward an Anthropology of Women, edited by Rayna R. Reiter, pp. 322–332. Monthly Review Press, New York.Google Scholar
Carsten, Janet 2000 Introduction: Cultures of Relatedness. In Cultures of Relatedness: New Approaches to the Study of Kinship, edited by Janet Carsten, pp. 1–36. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Carsten, Janet, and Jones, Stephen Hugh 1995 Introduction: About the House—Lévi-Strauss and Beyond. In About the House: Levi-Strauss and Beyond, edited by J. Carsten and S. Hugh Jones, pp. 1—46. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, Sucheng 1994 Hmong Means Free: Life in Laos and America. Temple University Press, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Chance, John K. 2000 The Noble House in Colonial Puebla, Mexico: Descent, Inheritance, and the Nahua Tradition. American Anthropologist 102:485–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, Kwang-Chi 1958 Study of the Neolithic Social Grouping: Examples from the New World. American Anthropologist 60:298–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chesson, Meredith S. 2007 House, Town, Field, and Wadi: Landscapes of the Early Bronze Age Southern Levant. In The Durable House: House Society Models in Archaeology, edited by Robin A. Beck, pp. 317–343. Occasional Paper No. 35. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois.Google Scholar
Choi, Soo Ho 2000 Land is Thicker than Blood: Revisiting “Kinship Paternalism” in a Peasant Village in South Korea. Journal of Anthropological Research 56:349–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coupland, Gary, Clark, Terence, and Palmer, Amanda 2009 Hierarchy, Communalism, and the Spatial Order of Northwest Coast Plank Houses: A Comparative Study. American Antiquity 74:77–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craig, Douglas B. 2007 Courtyard Groups and the Emergence of House Estates in Early Hohokam Society. In The Durable House: House Society Models in Archaeology, edited by Robin A. Beck, pp. 446–463. Occasional Paper No. 35. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois.Google Scholar
Curet, Antonio 1996 Ideology, Chiefly Power, and Material Culture: An Example From the Greater Antilles. Latin American Antiquity 7:114–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curet, Antonio, and Oliver, Jose R. 1998 Mortuary Practices, Social Development, and Ideology in Precolumbian Puerto Rico. Latin American Antiquity 9:217–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D’Andrade, Roy 2003 Why not Cheer? Journal of Cognition and Culture 3:310–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Lucia, Kristin 2008 Looking Beyond Gender Hierarchy: Rethinking Gender at Teotihuacan, Mexico. Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 18:17–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deetz, James 1960 An Archaeological Approach to Kinship Change in Eighteenth-Century Arikara Culture. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Deetz, James 1965 The Dynamics of Stylistic Change in Arikara Ceramics. Illinois Studies in Anthropology, No. 4. The University of Illinois Press, Champaign.Google Scholar
Divale, William T. 1977 Living Floors and Marital Residence: A Replication. Behavior Science Research 12:109–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Draper, Patricia 1975 !Kung Women: Contrasts in Sexual Egalitarianism in Foraging and Sedentary Contexts. In Toward an Anthropology of Women, edited by R. R. Reiter, pp. 77–109. Monthly Review Press, New York.Google Scholar
Dube, Leela (editor) 1997 Women and Kinship: Comparative Perspectives on Gender in South and South-East Asia. United Nations University Press, Tokyo.Google Scholar
Eggan, Fred 1950 Social Organization of the Western Pueblos. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Eggan, Fred 1952 The Ethnological Cultures and Their Archaeological backgrounds. In Archaeology of the Eastern UnitedStates, edited by J. B. Griffin, pp. 35–45. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Ellison, James 2009 Governmentality and the Family: Neoliberal Choices and Emergent Kin Relations in Southern Ethiopia. American Anthropologist 111:81—92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ember, Carol R., and Ember, Melvin 1972 The Conditions Favoring Multilocal Residence. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 28:382–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ember, Carol R., and Ember, Melvin 2007 Cultural Anthropology, 12th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Ember, Melvin 1967 The Emergence of Neolocal Residence. New York Academy of Sciences, Transactions 30:291–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ember, Melvin 1973 An Archaeological Indicator of Matrilocal versus Patrilocal Residence. American Antiquity 38:177–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ember, Melvin 1974 The Conditions That May Favor Avunculocal Residence. Behavioral Science Review 9:203–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ember, Melvin, and Ember, Carol R. 1971 The Conditions Favoring Matrilocal versus Patrilocal Residence. American Anthropologist 73:571–594.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ember, Melvin, and Ember, Carol R. 1995 Cross-Cultural Studies and Their Relevance for Archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Research 3:87–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ember, Carol, Ember, Melvin, and Pasternak, Burton 1974 On the Development of Unilineal Descent. Journal of Anthropological Research 30:69–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engels, Friedrich 1972 The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State, New York, Pathfinder Press.Google Scholar
Ensor, Bradley E. 2001a Considering Kinship in Archaeology. Paper presented at the 66th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, New Orleans.Google Scholar
Ensor, Bradley E. 2001b The Archaic and Early Woodland Southeast: Kinship and Social Transformations. Paper presented at the 2001 Southeastern Archaeological Conference, Chattanooga.Google Scholar
Ensor, Bradley E. 2002 Disproportionate Clan Growth in Crow-Omaha Societies: A Kinship Demographic Model for Explaining Settlement Hierarchies and Fissioning in the Prehistoric U.S. Southeast. North American Archaeologist 23:309–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ensor, Bradley E. 2003a Crow-Omaha Marital Alliances and Social Transformations: Archaeological Case Studies on the Taíno, Hohokam, and Archaic Lower Mississippi Valley. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Ensor, Bradley E. 2003b Kinship and Marriage among the Omaha. Ethnology 42:1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ensor, Bradley E. 2008 Forced Displacement, Humanitarian Assistance, and Cultural Survival. Paper presented at the 11th Meeting of the International Association for the Study of Forced Migration, Cairo.Google Scholar
Ensor, Bradley E. 2009 Kinship and Cultural Survival among Forced Migrants from Southern Sudan. Paper presented at the 12th Meeting of the International Association for the Study of Forced Migration, Nicosia.Google Scholar
Ensor, Bradley E., Escobar, Conceptión Herrera, and Ayora, Gabriel Tun 2010 La formatión social del periodo Clásico Tardío en las Islas de Los Cerros, Tabasco: una comparación del modo de vida entre clases sociales. In Arqueologías de la vida cotidiana: Memorias del VII Coloquio Pedro Bosch-Gimpera. Universidad Autónoma de México, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Ensor, Marisa O. 2003 Disaster Evangelism: Religion as a Catalyst for Change in Post-Mitch Honduras. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 21:31–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ensor, Marisa O. 2009 Gender Matters in Post-Disaster Reconstruction. In The Legacy of Hurricane Mitch: Lessons from Post-Disaster Reconstruction in Honduras, edited by M. O. Ensor, pp. 129–155. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Eriksen, Thomas H. 2003 Why the Hermeneutic Turn? Journal of Cognition and Culture 3:315–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans-Pritchard, E.E. 1940 The Nuer. Oxford University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Evans-Pritchard, E.E. 1990 Kinship and Marriage Among the Nuer. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Fadiman, Anne 1997 The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down. Straus and Giroux, New York.Google Scholar
Feinberg, Richard 2003 Some Overstatements in “The Fall of Kinship.” Journal of Cognition and Culture 3:318–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, Alice C., and Flesche, Francis La 1992 [1905–1906] The Omaha Tribe. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.Google Scholar
Fortes, Meyer 1958 Introduction. In The Developmental Cycle in Domestic Groups, edited by Jack Goody, pp. 1–14. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Fortes, Meyer 1969 Kinship and the Social Order: The Legacy of Lewis Henry Morgan. Aldine, Chicago.Google Scholar
Fox, Robin 1967 Kinship and Marriage: An Anthropological Perspective. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Franklin, Sarah, and McKinnon, Susan (editors) 2001 Relative Values: Reconfiguring Kinship Studies. Duke University Press, Durham, North Carolina.Google Scholar
Friedl, Ernestine 2007 A Village in Greece: Vasilika Then and Now. In Globalization and Change in Fifteen Cultures: Born in One World, Living in Another, edited by George Spindler and Janice E. Stockard, pp. 334–350. Thompson Wadsworth, Belmont.Google Scholar
Friedman, Jonathan 1975 Tribes, States, and Transformations. In Marxist Analyses and Social Anthropology, edited by M. Bloch, pp. 161–202. Malaby, London.Google Scholar
Gailey, Christine W., and Patterson, Thomas C. 1988 State Formation and Uneven Development. In State and Society: The Emergence of Social Hierarchy and Political Centralization, edited by J. Gledhill, B. Bender, and M. T. Larsen, pp. 77–90. Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Gillespie, Susan D. 2000a Beyond Kinship: An Introduction. In Beyond Kinship: Social and Material Reproduction in House Societies, edited by Rosemary A. Joyce and Susan D. Gillespie, pp. 1–21. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Gillespie, Susan D. 2000b Rethinking Ancient Maya Social Organization: Replacing “Lineage” with “House.” American Anthropologist 102:467–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillespie, Susan D. 2007 When is a House? In The Durable House: House Society Models in Archaeology, edited by Robin A. Beck, pp. 25–50. Occasional Paper No. 35. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois.Google Scholar
Gjessing, Gutorm 1956 Socio-Culture: Interdisciplinary Essays on Society and Culture. Studies Honouring the Centennial of Universitetes Etnografiske Museum, Oslo.Google Scholar
Gjessing, Gutorm 1975 Socio-Archaeology. Current Anthropology 16:323–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Godelier, Maurice 1978 Infrastructures, Societies, and History. Current Anthropology 19:763–771.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Godelier, Maurice 1982 Social Hierarchies among the Baruya of New Guinea. In Inequality in New Guinea Highland Societies, edited by Andrew Strathern, pp. 3–34. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Godelier, Maurice 1984 Modes of Production, Kinship, and Demographic Structures. In Marxist Analyses and Social Anthropology, edited by Maurice Bloch, pp. 3–27. Malaby, London.Google Scholar
Hage, Per 2003 The Ancient Maya Kinship System. Journal of Anthropological Research 59:5–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammond, Laura 2006 Obliged to Give: Remittances and the Maintenance of Transnational Networks Between Somalis ‘At Home’ and Abroad. Paper presented at the 10th Meeting of the International Association for the Study of Forced Migration, Toronto.Google Scholar
Harwell, Henry O., and Kelly, Marsha C. S. 1983 Maricopa. In Southwest, edited by Alfonso Ortiz, pp. 71–85. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 10, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Haviland, William A. 1970a A Note on the Social Organization of the Chontal Maya. Ethnology 9:96–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haviland, William A. 1970b Marriage and the Family Among the Maya of Cozumel Island, 1570. Estudios de Cultura Maya 8:217–226.Google Scholar
Haviland, William A. 1973 Rules of Descent in Sixteenth Century Yucatan. Estudios de Cultura Maya 9:135–150.Google Scholar
Haviland, William A., Prins, Harald E. L., Walrath, Dana, and McBride, Bunny 2005 Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge. Wadsworth-Thompson Learning, Belmont, California.Google Scholar
Haury, Emil W. 1956 Speculation on Prehistoric Settlement Patterns in the Southwest. In Prehistoric Settlement Patterns in the New World, edited by Gordon R. Willey, pp. 3–10. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology No. 23. The Wenner-Gren Foundation, New York.Google Scholar
Heitman, Carrie C. 2007 Houses Great and Small: Reevaluating the “House” in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. In The Durable House: House Society Models in Archaeology, edited by Robin A. Beck, pp. 248–272. Occasional Paper No. 35. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois.Google Scholar
Helms, Mary W. 2007 House Life. In The Durable House: House Society Models in Archaeology, edited by Robin A. Beck, pp. 487–504. Occasional Paper No. 35. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois.Google Scholar
Helmig, Thomas 1997 The Concept of Kinship on Yap and the Discussion of the Concept of Kinship. Journal of Anthropological Research 53:1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hendon, Julia A. 2007 Memory, Materiality, and Practice: House Societies in Southeastern Mesoamerica. In The Durable House: House Society Models in Archaeology, edited by Robin A. Beck, pp. 292–316. Occasional Paper No. 35. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois.Google Scholar
Hill, James N. 1966 A Prehistoric Community in Eastern Arizona. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 22:9–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoebel, E. Adamson 1979 Zia Pueblo. In Southwest, edited by Alfonso Ortiz, pp. 407–417. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 9, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Holtzman, Jon D. 2000 Nuer Journeys, Nuer Lives. Allyn & Bacon, Boston.Google Scholar
Hopkins, N. A. 1985 Classic Maya Kinship Systems: Epigraphic and Ethnographic Evidence for Patrilineality. Estudios de Cultura Maya 17:87–121.Google Scholar
Howell, Todd L., and Kintigh, Keith W 1996 Archaeological Identification of Kin Groups Using Mortuary and Biological Data: An Example from the American Southwest. American Antiquity 61:537–554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hubbe, Mark, Neves, Walter Alves, de Oliveira, Emiliano Castro, and Strauss, André 2009 Postmarital Residence Practice in Southern Brazilian Coastal Groups: Continuity and Change. Latin American Antiquity 20:267–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humberto Ruz, Mario 1997 Gestos cotidianos: acercamientos etnológicos a los Mayas de la época colonial, Institute de Cultura de Campeche, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen e Institute Campechano, Campeche.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, Sharon E. 1996 Nuer Dilemnas: Coping with Money War, and the State. University of California Press, Berkeley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarvenpa, Robert 2004 Silot’ine: An Insurance Perspective on Northern Dene Kinship Networks in Recent History. Journal of Anthropological Research 60:153–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Matthew H. 2007 Living Houses and Remaking Social Relations in Sixteenth-Century England. In The Durable House: House Society Models in Archaeology, edited by Robin A. Beck, pp. 380–399. Occasional Paper No. 35. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois.Google Scholar
Joyce, Rosemary A. 2000 Heirlooms and Houses: Materiality and Social Memory. In Beyond Kinship: Social and Material Reproduction in House Societies, edited by Rosemary A. Joyce and Susan D. Gillespie, pp. 189–212. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joyce, Rosemary A. 2007 Building Houses: The Materialization of Lasting Identity in Formative Mesoamerica. In The Durable House: House Society Models in Archaeology, edited by Robin A. Beck, pp. 53–72. Occasional Paper No. 35. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois.Google Scholar
Joyce, Rosemary A., and Gillespie, Susan D. (editors) 2000 Beyond Kinship: Social and Material Reproduction in House Societies. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keegan, William F. 1992a The People Who Discovered Columbus: the Prehistory of the Bahamas. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Keegan, William F. 1992b ‘No Man [or Woman] Is an Island’: Elements of Taino Social Organization. In The Indigenous People of the Caribbean, edited by Samuel M. Wilson, pp. 111–117. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Keegan, William F. 2009 Central Plaza Burials in Saladoid Puerto Rico: An Alternative Perspective. Latin American Antiquity 20:375–385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keegan, William F. 2010 Demographic Imperatives for Island Colonists. In Global Origins of Seafaring, edited by Katie Boyle and Atholl Anderson. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, in press..Google Scholar
Keegan, William E, and Maclachlan, Morgan D. 1989 The Evolution of Avunculocal Chiefdoms: A Reconstruction of Taino Kinship and Politics. American Anthropologist 91:613–630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keegan, William E, Maclachlan, Morgan D., and Byrne, Bryan 1998 Social Foundations of Taino Caciques . In Chiefdoms and Chieftancy in the Americas, edited by Elsa M. Redmond, pp. 217–244. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Koltyk, Jo Ann 1998 New Pioneers in the Heartland: Hmong Life in Wisconsin. Simon & Schuster, Boston.Google Scholar
Kuper, Adam 1982 Lineage Theory: A Critical Retrospect. Annual Review of Anthropology 11:71–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuper, Adam 1993 The “House” and Zulu Political Structure in the Nineteenth Century. Journal of African History 34:469–487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuper, Adam 2003 What Really Happened to Kinship and Kinship Studies. Journal of Cognition and Culture 3:329–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lange, Charles H. 1979 Cochiti Pueblo. In Southwest, edited by Alfonso Ortiz, pp. 366–378. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 9, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Las Casas, Bartolomé 1967 Apologética Historia Sumaria. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Institute de Investigaciones Históricas, México.Google Scholar
Le Page du Pratz, Antoine S. 1758 The History of Louisiana, or of the Western Parts of Virginia and Carolina. London.Google Scholar
Leacock, Eleanor 1972 Introduction. In The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State, by F. Engels, pp. 7–67. International Publishers, New York.Google Scholar
Leacock, Eleanor 1978 Women’s Status in Egalitarian Society: Implications for Social Evolution. Current Anthropology 19:247–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ledgerwood, Judy 1995 Khmer Kinship: the Matriliny/Matriarchy Myth. Journal of Anthropological Research 51:247–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, Richard, and Leacock, Eleanor 1982 Politics and History in Band Societies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Lewis, Barry R., and Stout, Charles (editors.) 1998 Mississippian Towns and Sacred Spaces: Searching for an Architectural Grammar. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.Google Scholar
Lévi-Strauss, Claude 1956 The Family. In Man, Culture, and Society, edited by H. L. Shapiro. Oxford University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Lévi-Strauss, Claude 1965 The Future of Kinship Studies. Proceedings of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 1965:13–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lévi-Strauss, Claude 1969 The Elementary Structures of Kinship. Beacon Press, Boston.Google Scholar
Lévi-Strauss, Claude 1982 The Way of the Masks. University of Washington Press, Seattle.Google Scholar
Lévi-Strauss, Claude 1987 Anthropology and Myth: Lectures, 1951–1982. Basil Blackwell, Oxford.Google Scholar
Littlefield, Alice 1991 Native American Labor and Public Policy in the United States. In Marxist Approaches in Economic Anthropology, edited by Alice Littlefield and H. Gates, pp. 135–158. University Press of America, Lanham.Google Scholar
Longacre, William A. 1964 Archaeology as Anthropology: A Case Study. Science 144:1454–1455.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Longacre, William A. 1966 Changing Patterns of Social Integration: A Prehistoric Example from the American Southwest. American Anthropologist 68:94–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Longacre, William A. 1968 Some Aspects of Prehistoric Society in East-Central Arizona. In New Perspectives in Archaeology, edited by S. R. Binford and L. R. Binford, pp. 89–102. Aldine, Chicago.Google Scholar
Marshall, Yvonne 2000 Transformations of Nuu-cha-nulth Houses. In Beyond Kinship: Social and Material Reproduction in House Societies, edited by Rosemary A. Joyce and Susan D. Gillespie, pp. 73–102. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
McCurdy, David 2003 Family and Kinship in Village India. In Conformity and Conflict, edited by James Spradley and David McCurdy, pp. 134–143. Allyn & Bacon, New York.Google Scholar
McEvoy, Brian, Simms, Katharine, and Bradley, Daniel 2008 Genetic Investigation of the Patrilineal Kinship Structure of Early Medieval Ireland. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 136:415–422.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKinnon, Susan 1991 From a Shattered Sun: Hierarchy, Gender, and Alliance in the Tanimbar Islands. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.Google Scholar
McPherron, Alan 1967 Pottery Style Clustering, Marital Residence, and Cultural Adaptations of an Algonkian-Iroquoian Border. In Proceedings of the 1965 Conference on Iroquois Research. edited by E. Tooker, pp. 101–107. New York State Museum, Albany.Google Scholar
Means, Bernard K. 2007 Circular Villages of the Monongahela Tradition. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.Google Scholar
Meillassoux, Claude 1972 From Reproduction to Production: A Marxist Approach to Economic Anthropology. In Economy and Society 1:93–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meillassoux, Claude 1981 Maidens, Meal and Money: Capitalism and the Domestic Community. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Modjeska, N. 1982 Production and Inequality: Perspectives from Central New Guinea. In Inequality in New Guinea Highland Societies, edited by Andrew Strathem, pp. 50–108. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Moore, John H. 1991 Kinship and Division of Labor in Cheyenne Society. In Marxist Approaches in Economic Anthropology, edited by Alice Littlefield and H. Gates, pp. 135–158. University Press of America, Lanham, Maryland.Google Scholar
Moore, John H. and Campbell, Janis E. 2002 Confirming Unilocal Residence in Native North America. Ethnology 41:175–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore Lappé, Frances, and Collins, Joseph 1977 Why Can’t People Feed Themselves? In Food First: Beyond the Myth of Scarcity. Institute for Food and Development.Google Scholar
Morgan, Lewis H. 1870 Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, Lewis H. 1965 Houses and House-Life of the American Aborigines. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Murdock, George P. 1967 Ethnographic Atlas. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh.Google Scholar
Nevett, Lisa 2007 Domestic Architecture and Household Wealth: The Case of Ancient Greece. In The Durable House: House Society Models in Archaeology, edited by Robin A. Beck, pp. 365–379. Occasional Paper No. 35. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois.Google Scholar
Oswalt, Wendell H. 2006 This Land Was Theirs: A Study of Native North Americans. 8 th ed. Oxford University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Ottenheimer, Martin 2003 The Seasons of Kinship. Journal of Cognition and Culture 3:335–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oviedo, y Valdés, Gonzalo Fernánez de 1851 Historia general y natural de las Indias, primera parte. La Real Academia de la Historia, Madrid.Google Scholar
Pasternak, Burton 1976 Introduction to Kinship and Social Organization. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey Google Scholar
Peletz, Michael G. 1995 Kinship Studies in Late Twentieth-Century Anthropology. Annual Review of Anthropology 24:343–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peregrine, Peter N. 2001 Matrilocality, Corporate Strategy, and the Organization of Production in the Chacoan World. American Antiquity 66:36–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peregrine, Peter N., and Ember, Melvin 2002 Response to Schillaci and Stojanowski. American Antiquity 67:357–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peters-Golden, H. 2006 Culture Sketches. McGraw Hill, Boston.Google Scholar
Porqueres Gené, Enric, and Wilgaux, Jérôme 2009 Incest, Embodiment, Genes, and Kinship. In European Kinship in the Age of Biotechnology, edited by Janeatte Edwards and Carles Salazar, pp. 112–127. Berghahn Books, New York.Google Scholar
Reiter, Rayna R. 1975 Introduction. In Toward an Anthropology of Women, edited by Rayna R. Reiter, pp. 11–19. Monthly Review Press, New York.Google Scholar
Rodning, Christopher B. 2007 Building and Rebuilding Cherokee Houses and Town-houses in Southwestern North Carolina. In The Durable House: House Society Models in Archaeology, edited by Robin A. Beck, pp. 464–484. Occasional Paper No. 35. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois.Google Scholar
Roseberry, William 1989 Anthropologies and Histories: Essays in Culture, History, and Political Economy. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Rosman, Abraham, and Rubel, Paula G. 1971 Feasting With Mine Enemy: Rank and Exchange Among Northwest Coast Societies. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Rubbo, Anna 1975 The Spread of Capitalism in Rural Colombia: Effects on Poor Women. In Toward an Anthropology of Women, edited by Rayna R. Reiter, pp. 333–357. Monthly Review Press, New York.Google Scholar
Sacks, Karen 1975 Engels Revisited: Women, the Organization of Production, and Private Property. In Toward an Anthropology of Women, edited by Rayna R. Reiter, pp. 211–234. Monthly Review Press, New York.Google Scholar
Sandstrom, Alan R. 2000 Toponymic Groups and House Organization: the Nahuas of Northern Veracruz, Mexico. In Beyond Kinship: Social and Material Reproduction in House Societies, edited by Rosemary A. Joyce and Susan D. Gillespie, pp. 53–72. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Scheffler, Harold W. 2003 Observations on the Fall of Kinship. Journal of Cognition and Culture 3:341–343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schillaci, Michael A., and Stojanowski, Christopher M. 2003 Postmarital Residence and Biological Variation at Pueblo Bonito. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 120:1–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneider, David M. 1968 American Kinship: A Cultural Account. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.Google Scholar
Schneider, David M. 1980 American Kinship: A Cultural Account. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, David M. 1984 A Critique of the Study of Kinship. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schultz, Emily A., and Lavenda, Robert H. 2009 Cultural Anthropology: A Perspective on the Human Condition. Oxford University Press, New York Google Scholar
Schweizer, Thomas, and White, Douglas R. (editor) 1998 Kinship, Networks, and Exchange. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seigel, Peter E. 1999 Contested Places and Places of Contest: The Evolution of Social Power and Ceremonial Space in Prehistoric Puerto Rico. Latin American Antiquity 10:209–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Service, Elman R. 1962 Primitive Social Organization: An Evolutionary Perspective. Random House, New York.Google Scholar
Shandy, Dianna J. 2007 Nuer American Passages: Globalizing Sudanese Migration. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Sillitoe, Paul 1999 Beating the Boundaries: Land Tenure and Identity in the Papua New Guinea Highlands. Journal of Anthropological Research 55:331–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sousa, Paulo 2003 The Fall of Kinship: Towards an Epidemiological Explanation. Journal of Cognition and Culture 3:265–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steward, Julian H. 1937 Ecological Aspects of Southwestern Society. Anthropos 32:87–104.Google Scholar
Steward, Julian H. 1942 The Direct Historical Approach to Archaeology. American Antiquity 7:337–343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steward, Julian H. 1942 The Direct Historical Approach to Archaeology. American Antiquity 7:337–343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strong, Pauline T. 1979 Santa Ana Pueblo. In Southwest, edited by Alfonso Ortiz, pp. 390–397. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 9, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Sturtevant, William C. (general editor) 1978–2008 Handbook of North American Indians. 17 vols. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Sutlive, Vinson H. 1978 The Iban of Sarawak. AHM Publishing Corporation, Arlington Heights, Illinois.Google Scholar
Swanton, John R. 1946 The Indians of the Southeastern United States. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 137. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Terray, Emmanuel 1975 Classes and Class Consciousness in the Abron Kingdom of Gyaman. In Marxist Analyses and Social Anthropology, edited by Maurice Bloch, pp. 85–135. Malaby, London.Google Scholar
Tomczack, Paula D., and Powell, Joseph F. 2003 Postmarital Residence Practices in the Windover Population: Sex-Based Dental Variation as an Indicator of Patrilocality. American Antiquity 68:93–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tonkinson, Robert 2007 The Mardu Aborigines: On the Road to Somewhere. In Globalization and Change in Fifteen Cultures: Born in One World, Living in Another, edited by G. Spindler and J. E. Stockard, pp. 225–255. Thompson Wadsworth, Belmont, California.Google Scholar
Tringham, Ruth 2000 The Continuous House: A View From the Deep Past. In Beyond Kinship: Social and Material Reproduction in House Societies, edited by Rosemary A. Joyce and Susan D. Gillespie, pp. 115–134. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Tsing, Anna L., and Yanagisako, Sylvia J. 1983 Feminism and Kinship Theory. Current Anthropology 24:511–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van de Velde, Pieter 1979 The Social Anthropology of a Neolithic Cemetery in the Netherlands. Current Anthropology 20:37–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whallon, Robert E. 1968 Investigations of Late Prehistoric Social Organization in New York. In New Perspectives in Archaeology, edited by S. R. Binford and L. R. Binford, pp. 223–244. Aldine, Chicago.Google Scholar
White, Douglas R., Murdock, George P., and Scaglion, Richard 1971 Natchez Class and Rank Reconsidered. Ethnology 10:369–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, Leslie A. 1962 The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 184, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Widmer, Randolph J. 1994 The Structure of Southeastern Chiefdoms. In The Forgotten Centuries: Indians and Europeans in the American South, 1521–1704, edited by Charles Hudson and Carmen C. Tesser, pp. 125–155. The University of Georgia Press, Athens & London.Google Scholar
Witschey, Walter R. T. 1991 Maya Inheritance Patterns: The Transfer of Real Estate and Personal Property in Ebtun, Yucatan, Mexico. Estudios de Cultura Maya 18:395–416.Google Scholar
Wolf, Eric R. 1982 Europe and the People Without History. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Yanagisako, Sylvia J. 1975 Two Processes of Change in Japanese-American Kinship. Journal of Anthropological Research 31:196–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yanagisako, Sylvia J. 1978 Variance in American Kinship: Implications for Cultural Analysis. American Ethnologist 5:15–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yengoyan, Aram A. 1968 Demographic and Ecological Influences on Aboriginal Australian Marriage Sections. In Man the Hunter, edited by R. Lee and I. Devore, 185–199. Aldine, Chicago.Google Scholar
Yengoyan, Aram A. 1970 Demographic Factors in Pitjandjara Social Organization. In Australian Aboriginal Anthropology, edited by R. Berndt. University of Australia Press, Nedlands.Google Scholar
Yengoyan, Aram A. 1972 Biological and Demographic Components in Aboriginal Australian Socio-economic Organization. Oceania 43:85–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar