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Hunter-Gatherer Mobility and Versatility: A Consideration of Long-Term Lithic Supply in the Midwest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 September 2019

Mark F. Seeman Open the ORCID record for Mark F. Seeman [Opens in a new window] ,
Amanda N. Colucci  and
Charles Fulk
Mark F. Seeman*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, PO Box 5190, Kent, OH44242-0001, USA
Amanda N. Colucci
Affiliation:
College of Architecture and Environmental Design, Kent State University, PO Box 5190, Kent, OH44242-0001, USA
Charles Fulk
Affiliation:
1148 US Highway 250 N., Ashland, OH44805, USA
*
([email protected], corresponding author)
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Abstract

Hunter-gatherer societies held sway in midwestern North America for at least 11,000 years. Those at the end of this period were more complex and less mobile, and they supported larger populations than those at the beginning, but there are relatively few general conceptions as to when and how this took place. Here we examine the fit of gradual, one-way social change as it relates to the size and shape of lithic supply zones for Upper Mercer and Flint Ridge flint as well as the inflow of exotic materials. Our results show no singular cline either in the size of successive lithic supply zones or in the inflow of exotic materials. Hunter-gatherer societies can make remarkable behavioral changes through time and not necessarily in any consistent (unilineal) direction. Such differences impose more contingency—and less directionality—into particular historical sequences.

Las sociedades cazadoras recolectoras dominaron la parte del Medio Oeste de Norte América por al menos once mil años. Al final de este periodo aquellas sociedades fueron más complejas, tuvieron menor movilidad y tuvieron una mayor densidad de población que al inicio, sin embargo en realidad existen pocas propuestas sobre cuándo y cómo es que esto tuvo lugar. Aquí examinaremos el ajuste gradual y unidireccional del cambio social en relación con el tamaño y la forma de los yacimientos líticos de pedernal de Upper Mercer y Flint Ridge, así como la entrada de bienes exóticos. Nuestros resultados no muestran un cambio singular ni en el tamaño de los yacimientos líticos ni en la entrada de bienes exóticos. Las sociedades de cazadores recolectores pueden presentar cambios notables en su comportamiento a través del tiempo y no necesariamente en una sola dirección (unilineal). Tales diferencias imponen más contingencias - y menos direccionalidad – en secuencias históricas particulares.

Keywords

lithic supplymobilityClovisArchaiclong-term changeforagermidwestern archaeologyhunter-gathereraprovisionamiento líticomovilidadCloviscambios a largo plazo durante el Arcaicoforagerarqueología del medio oeste americanosociedades cazadoras-recolectoras
Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 85 , Issue 1 , January 2020 , pp. 113 - 131
Copyright
Copyright © 2019 by the Society for American Archaeology

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