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COUPLING LITHIC SOURCING WITH LEAST COST PATH ANALYSIS TO MODEL PALEOINDIAN PATHWAYS IN NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 June 2018

Jonathan C. Lothrop ,
Adrian L. Burke ,
Susan Winchell-Sweeney  and
Gilles Gauthier
Jonathan C. Lothrop*
Affiliation:
New York State Museum, CEC 3140, Albany, NY 12230, USA
Adrian L. Burke
Affiliation:
Département d'Anthropologie, Université de Montréal, 3150 rue Jean-Brillant, Montreal, QC H3T 1N8, Canada ([email protected]; [email protected])
Susan Winchell-Sweeney
Affiliation:
New York State Museum, CEC 3140, Albany, NY 12230, USA ([email protected])
Gilles Gauthier
Affiliation:
Département d'Anthropologie, Université de Montréal, 3150 rue Jean-Brillant, Montreal, QC H3T 1N8, Canada ([email protected]; [email protected])
*
([email protected], corresponding author)
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Abstract

Projections of Paleoindian range mobility in the late Pleistocene are typically inferred from straight-line distances between toolstone sources and sites where artifacts of these raw materials have been found. Often, however, these sourcing assessments are not based on geologic analysis, raising the issue of correct source ascription. If sites of similar age can be linked to a toolstone source through geologic study, and direct procurement of toolstone can be inferred, geographic information systems (GIS) modeling of travel routes between the source and those sites can reveal route segments of annual rounds and aspects of landscape use. In the Hudson Valley of eastern New York, Paleoindian peoples exploited Normanskill chert outcrops for toolstone during the late Pleistocene. Here, we combine X-ray fluorescence sourcing results that link Normanskill chert artifacts at Paleoindian sites to the West Athens Hill source outcrop in the Hudson Valley with GIS least cost path analysis to model seasonal pathways of late Pleistocene peoples in northeastern North America.

Les hypothèses sur l’étendue de la mobilité des Paléoindiens à la fin du Pléistocène sont généralement inférées à partir de la distance à vol d'oiseau de la source d'une matière première au site archéologique où cette matière a été retrouvée. Cependant, l'identification d'une matière lithique n'est que rarement basée sur une étude géologique, ce qui soulève la question de l'attribution exacte de la source. Si des sites d'un âge comparable peuvent être reliés à une source de matière première lithique à l'aide d'une étude géologique et que l'acquisition directe de la matière peut être inférée, une modélisation SIG des voies de déplacement entre la source et les sites peut révéler des segments de routes reliées à des cycles annuels et à des aspects particuliers de l'utilisation du paysage. Dans la vallée de la rivière Hudson dans l'est de l’État de New York, les Paléoindiens ont exploité les affleurements de chert Normanskill pour fabriquer des outils durant le Pléistocène tardif. Dans cette étude, nous combinons l'analyse par fluorescence aux rayons X qui relie les artéfacts en chert Normanskill trouvés sur les sites paléoindiens à la carrière de West Athens Hill dans la vallée de la Rivière Hudson avec une analyse du trajet de moindre coût qui modélise les trajets saisonniers des groupes du Pléistocène tardif dans le Nord-Est de l'Amérique du Nord.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 83 , Issue 3 , July 2018 , pp. 462 - 484
Copyright
Copyright © 2018 by the Society for American Archaeology 

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