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Conceptual Metaphor in the Archaeological Record: Methods and an Example from the American Southwest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Scott G. Ortman
Scott G. Ortman*
Affiliation:
Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, 23390 County Road K, Cortez, CO 81321
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Abstract

This paper attempts to unify recent theorizing on cultural meaning in material culture using the notion of conceptual metaphor. Research in several disciplines suggests that conventional metaphorical concepts are central to cultural cognition. Ethnographic studies and psychological experiments indicate that conceptual metaphors are expressed in numerous forms of human expression, including speech, ritual, narrative, and material culture. Generalizations on the nature and structure of metaphor emerging from cognitive linguistic research can be used to develop methods for reconstructing ancient metaphors from archaeological evidence. In a preliminary application, I argue that pottery designs from the Mesa Verde region of the American Southwest were conceptualized as textile fabrics, and suggest that connections between these media derived from a worldview grounded in container imagery. The ability to decipher conceptual metaphors in prehistoric material culture opens up many new avenues for research, including the role of worldview in cultural evolution, and the discovery of cultural continuities between archaeological cultures and historic ethnolinguistic groups.

Resumen

Resumen

Este artículo trata de unificar recientes teorías sobre el significado cultural de la cultura material usando la noción de metáfora conceptual. Investigaciones en varias disciplinas sugieren que los conceptos metafóricos convencionales son centrales en la cognición cultural. Estudios etnográficos y experimentos psicológicos indican que las metáforas conceptuales están expresadas en varias formas de expresión humana, incluyendo lenguaje, ritual, narrativa, y cultura material. Las generalizaciones sobre la naturaleza y estructura de la metáfora que emergen de la investigación linguística cognitiva pueden usarse para desarrollar métodos para reconstruir metáforas antiguas a partir de la evidencia arqueológica. En una aplicación preliminar, arguyo que los diseños cerámicos de la región de Mesa Verde en el suroeste norteamericano fueron conceptualizados como textiles, y sugiero que las conecciones entre estos medios derivan de una perspectiva anclada en imágenes de contenedores. La abilidad de decifrar metáforas conceptuales en la cultura material prehistórica abre nuevas avenidas para la investigación, incluyendo el descubrimiento de continuidades culturales entre las culturas arqueológicas y los grupos etnolinguísticos históricos.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 65 , Issue 4 , October 2000 , pp. 613 - 645
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2000

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