The complex and intriguing figure of Moses Hess (1812-1875) has received attention as a socialist and a Zionist. His Rome and Jerusalem (1862) has been seen as a brilliant, if stylistically flawed, document that gives remarkably early evidence of the racial basis of antisemitism and striking testimony of a socialist intellectual's return to his Jewish roots. Despite the relatively large literature on Hess, no one had heretofore read Hess with a predominant interest in his fractured religious identity. This is the task that Ken Koltun-Fromm has set for himself in this highly novel, closely argued, and challenging work.