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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 October 2009
Gudrun Krämer's study on the Jews of Egypt is divided into five sections: Communal Structure and Composition; Communal Organization; Socioeconomic and Political Change (1914–1918); Jewish Reactions to Political Change: Egyptian Patriotism, Communism, and Zionism; and The Beginning of the End: Egyptianization, the Arab-Israeli War, and the Burning of Cairo.
1. Among the most recent studies on the Alliance Israelite Universelle, see Laskier, Michael M., The Alliance Israelite Universelle and the Jewish Communities of Morocco, 1862–1962(Albany: State University of New York Press, 1983)Google Scholar, and Rodrigue, Aron, De l'instruction a I'emancipation les enseignants de I'Alliance Israelite universelle et lesjuifs a'orient, 1860–1939(Paris: Calmann-Levy, 1989).Google Scholar
2. On Jewish life in these communities, see especially Stillman, Norman A., Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Sourcebook(Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1979)Google Scholar. See also Laskier, , Alliance Israelite Universelle, and Daniel J. Schroeter, Merchants of Essaouira: Urban Society and Imperialism in Southwestern Morocco, 1844–1886(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).Google Scholar
3. On the situation in Tunisia, see Avrahami, Yitshak, “Les Grana a Tunis d'apres leurs minutes: la lutte pour l'autonomie, ” in Judaisme d'afrique du nord aux xixe-xxe siecles, ed. M., Abitbol (Jerusalem: Ben-Zvi Institute, 1980), pp. 64–95Google Scholar; and Tsur, Yaron, “The Two Jewish Communities of Tunis (Touansa and Grana) on the Eve of the Colonial Period, ” in Proceedings of the Ninth World Congress of Jewish Studies, vol. 3: The History of the Jewish People in Modern Times(Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1986), pp. 67–73.Google Scholar
4. On this subject, see Abitbol, Michael, Témoins el acteurs: les Corcos et Vhistoire du Maroc comemporain(Jerusalem: Ben-Zvi Institute, 1977); and Schroeter, Merchants of Essaouira.Google Scholar
5. On this subject, see Laskier, Alliance Israelite Universelle.chap. 1.
6. Nachmani, Amikam, “So Near and Yet So Far: Graeco-Israeli Relations, ” Mediterranean Historical Review 2(1987): 235–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar