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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 October 2009
Its French and English antecedents notwithstanding, Canada is an American country. From 1759 to 1776 Canada was merely the fourteenth American colony of Great Britain. Had the fortunes of war been different, Canada might well have become part of the United States, or part or all of the United States might have remained British, joined with the northernmost colony. The Treaty of Paris made formal in 1783 the division between Canada and the other thirteen colonies, now independent. The treaty did not, however, put an end to the intimate cultural, economic and personal relationships, which had already developed among all North Americans of British origin. In fact, as time went on, those ties became closer, despite the border and despite the sometimes divergent political interests of the two countries. For Jews, that Canada was an American country was of considerable importance. By European standards, England was remarkably tolerant and open. With its vast economic potential, empty spaces, and society-in-the-making, however, America represented the real land of opportunity—economic and social—for all eighteenth and nineteenth-century Europeans, and especially for Jews.
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201. Rosenberg, Louis, “Two Centuries of Jewish Life in Canada, 1760–1960,” American Jewish Year Book, 1961, p. 40;Google Scholar various letters in ADSP; Joseph Rage, p. 49;Goldstein, N. W., “Die judischen Briider Orden in den Vereinigten-Staaten,” Zeitschrift fur Demographie und Statistik der Juden 8 (1912); 30.Google Scholar
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206. “The Workmen's Circle,” Canadian Jewish Year-Book, 1939–40, pp. 280–81; Rome, Early Documents, p. 47.
207. Pride of Israel Golden Jubilee (Toronto, 1955).
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217. Montreal Daily Witness, September 16, 1901. See also, “Special Prayers in City Churches,” Montreal Star, September 9, 1901.
218. See, for example, “The Battle Against the American Trusts” July 8, 1908; “The Strike in Philadelphia,” March 10, 1910; “True and False Partisans,” June 17, 1908.
219. See, for example, “Lincoln' Birthday,” February 11, 1909.
220. See, for example, “Today Is Thanksgiving Day,” October 31, 1910.
221. “Montreal,” New York Jewish Messenger, October 14, 1892.
222. See, for example, Canadian Jewish Times, December 15, 1905; Meldola De Sola, “The Future of Judaism in America,” New York Herald, November 26, 1905.
223. “Canada,” London Jewish Chronicle, March 17, 1893.
224. See “The Woodbine Agricultural School,” Canadian Jewish Times, September 30, 1898; “The Jewish Theater in New York,” Keneder odler, January 13, 1909; “The Comrades′ Mire,” Keneder odler, November 4, 1910.
225. See Morris.
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242. “By-Laws of the Corporation of the Portuguese Jews of Montreal,” 1857.
243. November 29, 1912; December 6, 1912; December 20, 1912; January 3, 1913; January 10, 1913; January 24, 1913; February 14, 1913; March 14, 1913.
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249. Timothy, pp. 41–44.
250. Siegfried, pp. 96–99.
251. Berger, pp. 171–72.
252. Lazarus, passim.
253. See various letters in MDSB.