Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T22:56:24.714Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Generic grammars for design domains

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 May 2018

José Beirão Open the ORCID record for José Beirão [Opens in a new window]  and
José P. Duarte Open the ORCID record for José P. Duarte [Opens in a new window]
José Beirão
Affiliation:
CIAUD, Faculdade de Arquitetura, Universidade de Lisboa, R. Sá Nogueira, 1349-063 Lisboa, Portugal
José P. Duarte*
Affiliation:
SCDC, Stuckeman School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Penn State University, 150 Stuckeman Family Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
*
Author for correspondence: José P Duarte, SCDC, Stuckeman School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Penn State University, 150 Stuckeman Family Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Shape grammars have been developed to codify a specific type of artifact – Queen Anne houses, Buffalo bungalows – or the style of a particular designer – Andrea Palladio, Frank Lloyd Wright, or Álvaro Siza Vieira. However, these specific grammars fail to encode recurrent design moves or features that are above the particularities of a specific design style or the idiosyncrasies of a specific designer and, therefore, are common to a larger category of designs and maybe reutilized and incorporated in the definition of new, specific design languages. To overcome these limitations, the notion of generic grammars for defining design domains is introduced. Its application to the urban design domain is illustrated by showing a generic grammar implementation resulting in a City Information Modeling platform composed of a parametric design interface connected to a geographic database.

Keywords

CIMgeneric grammarsparametric designshape grammarsurban design
Type
Regular Articles
Information
AI EDAM , Volume 32 , Special Issue 2: Advances in Implemented Shape Grammars: Solutions and Applications , May 2018 , pp. 225 - 239
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alexander, C, Ishikawa, S and Silverstein, M (1977) A Pattern Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Beirão, JN (2012) City Maker: designing grammars for urban design, PhD Dissertation, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beirão, JN and Duarte, JP (2009) Urban design with patterns and shape rules. In Stolk, EH and Brömmelstroet, M (eds). Model Town: Using Urban Simulation in New Town Planning. Almere, The Netherlands: New Town Institute, pp. 148–165.Google Scholar
Beirão, JN, Duarte, JP and Stouffs, R (2010) Creating generic grammars from specific grammars: towards flexible urban design. Nexus Network Journal 13(1), 73–111.Google Scholar
Beirão, JN, Duarte, JP, Stouffs, R and Bekkering, H (2012) Designing with urban induction patterns: a methodological approach. Environment and Planning B 39, 665–682.Google Scholar
Benrós, D, Duarte, JP and Hanna, S (2014) The inference of generic housing rules: a methodology to explain and recreate Palladian Villas, Prairie Houses and Malagueira Houses. In Gero, J and Hanna, S (eds). Design Computing and Cognition DCC'14. The Netherlands: Springer, pp. 439–458.Google Scholar
Berghauser-Pont, B and Haupt, P (2010) Spacematrix: Space, Density and Urban Form. Rotterdam: NAI Publishers.Google Scholar
Caldas, L and Norford, L (2002) A design optimization tool based on a genetic algorithm. Automation in Construction 11(2), 173–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castro e Costa, E and Duarte, JP (2013) Mass customization of ceramic tableware through digital technology. In Bártolo, MH, Bártolo, P, Alves, N, Mateus, N, Almeida, H, Lemos, A, Craveiro, F, Reis, C, Reis, I, Durão, L, Ferreira, T, Duarte, JP, Roseta, F, Castro e Costa, E, Quaresma, F and Neves, JP (eds). Green Design, Materials, and Manufacturing Processes. The Netherlands: CRC Press/Balkema, pp. 467–471.Google Scholar
Coelho, C, Costa, J, Leite, J, Silva, J, Trindade, L, Pereira, P, Proença, S, Fernandes, S and Monteys, X (2013) Cadernos de Morfologia Urbana: Os Elementos Urbanos. Lisboa: ed. Argumentum.Google Scholar
Duarte, JP (2005) A discursive grammar for customizing mass housing: the case of Siza's houses at Malagueira. Automation in Construction, 14(2), 265–275.Google Scholar
Duarte, JP and Beirão, JN (2012) Towards a methodology for flexible urban design: designing with urban patterns and shape grammars. Environment and Planning B 38(5), 879–902.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duarte, JP, Beirão, JN, Montenegro, N and Gil, J (2012) City induction: formulating, generating, and evaluating urban plans. In Müller Arisona, S, Wonka, P, Aschwanden, G, Halatsch, J (eds). Digital Urban Modeling and Simulation. Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS), vol. 242. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 79–104.Google Scholar
Fleisher, A (1992) Grammatical architecture? Environment and Planning B 19(2), 221–226.Google Scholar
Gamma, E, Helm, R, Johnson, R and Vlissides, J (1995) Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Garcia, S and Barros, M (2015) A grammar-based system for chair design: from generic to specific shape grammars. In Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl, T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds). Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd ECAADe Conference - Volume 1, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16–18 September 2015, pp. 427–436. CUMINCAD. http://papers.cumincad.org/cgi-bin/works/paper/ecaade2015_233Google Scholar
Gips, J (1999) Computer implementation of shape grammars. Proc. Workshop on Shape Computation, Cambridge, MA, June.Google Scholar
Gips, J and Stiny, G (1980) Production systems and grammars: a uniform characterization. Environment and Planning B 7(4), 399–408.Google Scholar
Gruber, T (1993) A translation approach to portable ontology specifications. Knowledge Acquisition 5(2), 199–220.Google Scholar
Hillier, B and Hanson, J (1984) The Social Logic of Space. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hillier, W, Hanson, J and Peponis, J (1987) Syntactic analysis of settlements. Architecture and Behaviour 3(3), 217–231.Google Scholar
Knight, T (1992) Designing with grammars. In Schmitt, G (ed.). CAAD Futures ’91, Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures – Education, Research, Applications. Braunschweig and Wiesnaden: Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, pp. 19–34.Google Scholar
Koning, H and Eizenberg, J (1981) The language of the prairie: Frank Lloyd Wright's prairie houses. Environment and Planning B 8, 295–323.Google Scholar
Lehnerer, A (2009) Grand Urban Rules. Rotterdam: OIO.Google Scholar
Marshall, S (2005) Streets & Patterns. London and New York: Spon Press.Google Scholar
Marshall, S (2011) Urban Coding and Planning. Introduction. Oxfordshire, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mendes, L, Beirão, J, Duarte, J and Celani, G (2013) A Bottom-Up Social Housing System Described with Shape Grammars. Proc. eCAADe 2013 Conf., Delft, The Netherlands, September 18–20.Google Scholar
Montenegro, N, Gomes, J, Urbano, P and Duarte, J (2011) 4CitySemantics: GIS-Semantic Tool for Urban Intervention Areas. Proc. 7VCT Conf., October 11–13.Google Scholar
Muratori, S (1967) Civiltà e territorio. Roma: Centro studi di storia urbanistica.Google Scholar
Post, E (1943) Formal reductions of the general combinatorial decision problem. American Journal of Mathematics 65(2), 197–215.Google Scholar
Schön, D (1983) The Reflective Practitioner: How Designers Think in Action. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Shea, K and Cagan, J (1997) Innovative dome design: applying geodesic patterns with shape annealing. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering, Design and Manufacturing, 11(5), 379–394.Google Scholar
Stiny, G (1980) Introduction to shape and shape grammars. Environment and Planning B 7(3), 343–351.Google Scholar
Stiny, G (1981) A note on the description of designs. Environment and Planning B, 8(3), 257–267.Google Scholar
Stiny, G and Gips, J (1972) Shape grammars and the generative specification of painting and sculpture. Proc. Int. Conf. Information Processing 71. Amsterdam: NorthHolland.Google Scholar
Stiny, G and Mitchell, W (1978) The Palladian grammar. Environment and Planning B 5(1), 5–18.Google Scholar