Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T18:08:31.763Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Economic Issues in Ecosystem Management: An Introduction and Overview

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 September 2016

Stephen K. Swallow
Stephen K. Swallow*
Affiliation:
The Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, R.I.
Get access

Abstract

Ecosystem management may extend multiple use management, where economists identify and value a complex mix of ecosystem outputs. The dominant theme in conservation biology favors “safe minimum standard” (SMS) constraints on ecosystem attributes, which respond to complex and purely uncertain ecological knowledge and lead economists toward valuation questions that identify “tolerable” constraints. A hierarchical SMS constraint raises substitution possibilities among ecosystem-level components. Economists may identify unavoidable resource tradeoffs, such as in allocating land among elements of a reserve network, particularly when ecological wealth differs among geographically dispersed human communities. Economic and ecological ironies obfuscate intuitive contributions to ecosystem management policy.

Type
Invited Presentations
Information
Agricultural and Resource Economics Review , Volume 25 , Issue 2 , October 1996 , pp. 83 - 100
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albers, Heidi J. 1996. “Modeling Ecological Constraints on Tropical Forest Management: Spatial Interdependence, Irreversibility, and Uncertainty.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 30(1): 73–94.Google Scholar
Arrow, Kenneth, Bolin, Bert, Costanza, Robert, Dasgupta, Partha, Folke, Carl, Holling, C.S., Jansson, Bengt-Owe, Levin, Simon, Mäler, Karl-Göran, Perrings, Charles, and Pimentel, David. 1995. “Economic Growth, Carrying Capacity, and the Environment.” Science 268 (April 28): 520–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bengston, David N. 1994. “Changing Forest Values and Ecosystem Management.” Society and Natural Resources 7(6): 515–33.Google Scholar
Bergstrom John, C., and Loomis, John B. 1995. “Economic Dimensions of Ecosystem Management.” Invited paper presented to the National Conference on Human Dimensions of Ecosystem Management, December 1994, Helen, Ga. Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, Faculty Series Paper FS 95-5. October.Google Scholar
Bingham, Gail, Bishop, Richard, Brody, Michael, Bromley, Daniel, (Toby) Clark, Edwin, Cooper, William, Costanza, Robert, Hale, Thomas, Hayden, Gregory, Kellert, Stephen, Norgaard, Richard, Norton, Bryan, Payne, John, Russell, Clifford, and Suter, Glenn. 1995. “Issues in Ecosystem Valuation: Improving Information for Decision Making.” Ecological Economics 14(2): 73–90.Google Scholar
Bishop, Richard C. 1978. “Endangered Species and Uncertainty: The Economics of a Safe Minimum Standard.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 60(1): 10–18.Google Scholar
Bishop, Richard C. 1979. “Endangered Species, Irreversibility, and Uncertainty: A Reply.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 61(2): 376–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowes, Michael D., and Krutilla, John V. 1989. Multiple-Use Management: The Economics of Public Forestlands. Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future.Google Scholar
Boyd, R. 1984. “Government Support of Nonindustrial Production: The Case of Private Forests.” Southern Economic Journal 51(1): 89–107.Google Scholar
Bromley, Daniel W. 1989. “Entitlements, Missing Markets, and Environmental Uncertainty.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 17(2): 181–94.Google Scholar
Bromley, Daniel W. 1990. “The Ideology of Efficiency: Searching for a Theory of Policy Analysis.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 19(1): 86–107.Google Scholar
Brunson, Mark, and Shelby, Bo. 1992,. “Assessing Recreational and Scenic Quality: How Does New Forestry Rate?” Journal of Forestry 90(7): 37–41.Google Scholar
Burton, Peter S. 1996. “Land Use Externalities: Mechanism Design for the Allocation of Environmental Resources.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 20(2): 174–85.Google Scholar
Comanor, Joan M. 1994. “Ecosystem Management and Its Influence on Private Forest Landowners.” Paper presented to the Society of American Foresters, September 18-22, Anchorage, Alaska. [Available on the Internet: (http://222.fs.fed.us/land/comanol.html.Google Scholar
Crocker, Thomas D., and Tschirhart, John. 1992. “Ecosystems, Externalities, and Economies.” Environmental and Resource Economics 2(6): 551–67.Google Scholar
Fisher, Anthony C., Hanemann, Michael, and Keeler, Andrew G. 1991. “Integrating Fishery and Water Resource Management: A Biological Model of a California Salmon Fishery.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 20(3): 234–61.Google Scholar
Flick, Warren A., and King, William E. 1995. “Ecosystem Management as American Law.” Renewable Resources Journal 13(3): 6–11.Google Scholar
Franklin, Jerry. 1989. “Toward a New Forestry.” American Forests 95(11/12): 37–44.Google Scholar
Franklin, J.F., and Forman, R.T.T. 1987. “Creating Landscape Patterns by Forest Cutting: Ecological Consequences and Principles.” Landscape Ecology 1(1): 5–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gale, Richard P., and Cordray, Sheila M. 1991. “What Should Forests Sustain? Eight Answers.” Journal of Forestry 89(5): 31–36.Google Scholar
Gillis, Anna Maria. 1990. “The New Forestry: An Ecosystem Approach to Land Management.” Bioscience 40(8): 558–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottfried, Robert, Wear, David, and Lee, Robert. 1996. “Institutional Solutions to Market Failure on the Landscape Scale.” Ecological Economics. In press.Google Scholar
Grumbine, R. Edward. 1994. “What Is Ecosystem Management?” Conservation Biology 8(1): 27–38.Google Scholar
Hagan, John M. 1995. “Environmentalism and the Science of Conservation Biology.” Conservation Biology 9(5): 975–76.Google Scholar
Hahn, Robert W. 1989. “A New Approach to the Design of Regulation in the Presence of Multiple Objectives.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 17(2): 195–211.Google Scholar
Helfand, Gloria E., and Rubin, Jonathan. 1994. “Spreading versus Concentrating Damages: Environmental Policy in the Presence of Nonconvexities.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 27(1): 84–91.Google Scholar
Hoehn, John P. 1991. “Valuing the Multidimensional Impacts of Environmental Policy: Theory and Methods.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 73(2): 289–99.Google Scholar
Hoehn, John P. and Randall, Alan. 1989. “Too Many Proposals Pass the Benefit Cost Test.” American Economic Review 79(3): 544–51.Google Scholar
Hof, John G., and Joyce, Linda A. 1992. “Spatial Optimization for Wildlife and Timber in Managed Forest Ecosystems.” Forest Science 38(3): 489–508.Google Scholar
Holland, David N., Lilieholm, Robert J., Roberts, David W., and Keith Gilless, J. 1994. “Economic Trade-offs of Managing Forests for Timber Production and Vegetative Diversity.” Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24(6): 1260–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holling, C.S., and Meffe, Gary K. 1996. “Command and Control and the Pathology of Natural Resource Management.” conservation Biology 10(2): 328–37.Google Scholar
Hunter, Malcolm L. Jr. 1990. Wildlife, Forests, and Forestry: Principles of Managing Forests for Biological Diversity. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Hyberg, B., and Holthausen, D. 1989. “The Behavior of Nonindustrial Private Forest Owners.” Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19(8): 1014–23.Google Scholar
Iverson, David C., and Alston, Richard M. 1993. “Ecosystem-Based Forestry Requires a Broader Economic Focus.” Journal of Sustainable Forestry 1(2): 97–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kangas, Jyrki, and Kuusipalo, Jussi. 1993. “Integrating Biodiversity into Forest Management Planning and Decision-Making.” Forest Ecology and Management 61(1/2): 1–15.Google Scholar
Koskela, E. 1989. “Forest Taxation and Timber Supply under Price Uncertainty: Credit Rationing in Capital Markets.” Forest Science 35(1): 160–72.Google Scholar
Kuuluvainen, Jari, Karppinen, Heimo, and Ovaskainen, Ville. 1996. “Landowner Objectives and Nonindustrial Private Timber Supply.” Forest Science. In press.Google Scholar
Kuuluvainen, J., and Salo, J. 1991. “Timber Supply and Life Cycle Harvest of Nonindustrial Private Forest Owners: An Empirical Analysis of the Finnish Case.” Forest Science 37(4): 1011–29.Google Scholar
Lélé, Sharachchandra, and Norgaard, Richard B. 1996. “Sustainability and the Scientist's Burden.” Conservation Biology 10(2): 354–65.Google Scholar
Linddal, Michael. 1996. “Costs and Benefits of Temperate Forest Certification.” Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Scandinavian Society of Forest Economics, Mekrijärvi, Finland, March 19-21. In press.Google Scholar
Lippke, Bruce, and Oliver, Chadwick D. 1993. “Managing for Multiple Values: A Proposal for the Pacific Northwest.” Journal of Forestry 91(12): 14–18.Google Scholar
MacArthur, R.H., and MacArthur, J.W. 1961. “On Bird Species Diversity.” Ecology 42(3): 594–98.Google Scholar
Max, W., and Lehman, D. 1988. “A Behavioral Model of Timber Supply.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 15(1): 71–86.Google Scholar
Mendelsohn, Robert. 1995. “An Economic-Ecological Model for Ecosystem Management.” In Forestry, Economics and the Environment, ed. Adamowicz, W.L., Boxall, P., Lucker, M.K., Phillips, W.E., and White, W.A., 213–21. Wallingford, U.K.: CAB International. Google Scholar
Metrick, Andrew, and Weitzman, Martin L. 1996. “Patterns of Behavior in Endangered Species Preservation.” Land Economics 72(1): 1–16.Google Scholar
Moffat, Anne Simon. 1996. “Biodiversity Is a Boon to Ecosystems, Not Species.” Science 271 (March 15): 1497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montgomery, Claire A., Brown, Gardner M. Jr., and Adams, Darius M. 1994. “The Marginal Cost of Species Preservation: The Northern Spotted Owl.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 26(2): 111–28.Google Scholar
Murray, Brian C., and Wear, David N. 1996. “Assessing the Scope for Inter-regional Product Substitutions from Regional Timber Supply Shocks.” Draft manuscript. Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, N.C. May.Google Scholar
Newman, David H., and Wear, David N. 1993. “Production Economics of Private Forestry: A Comparison of Industrial and Nonindustrial Forest Owners.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 75(3): 674–84.Google Scholar
Niese, Jeffrey Neal, and Strong, Terry F. 1992. “Economics and Tree Diversity Trade-offs in Managed Northern Hardwoods.” Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22(11): 1807–13.Google Scholar
Noss, Reed F. 1990. “Indicators for Monitoring Biodiversity: A Hierarchical Approach.” Conservation Biology 4(4): 355–64.Google Scholar
Noss, Reed F., and Cooperrider, Allen Y. 1994. Saving Nature's Legacy: Protecting and Restoring Biodiversity. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.Google Scholar
Opaluch, James J., and Segerson, Kathleen. 1989. “Rational Roots of ‘Irrational’ Behavior: New Theories of Economic Decision-Making.” Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 18(2): 81–95.Google Scholar
Parks, Peter J., and Kramer, Randall A. 1995. “A Policy Simulation of the Wetlands Reserve Program.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 28(2): 223–40.Google Scholar
Paulsen, Charles M., and Wernstedt, Kris. 1995. “Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Complex Managed Hydrosystems: An Application to the Columbia River Basin.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 28(3): 388–400.Google Scholar
Polasky, Stephen, and Solow, Andrew R. 1995. “On the Value of a Collection of Species.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 29(3): 298–303.Google Scholar
Provencher, Bill, and Swallow, Stephen K. 1995. “Timber Rotations on Non-Industrial Private Forests: The Owner's Wealth Constraint and Access to Ecosystems.” Working paper. July.Google Scholar
Randall, Alan. 1994. “Thinking about the Value of Biodiversity.” In Biodiversity and Landscape, ed. Kim, K.C. and Weaver, R.D. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Randall, Alan, and Farmer, Michael C. 1995. “Benefits, Costs, and the Safe Minimum Standard of Conservation.” In The Handbook of Environmental Economics, ed. Bromley, Daniel W., 26–44. Oxford: Blackwell. Google Scholar
Ready, Richard C., and Bishop, Richard C. 1991. “Endangered Species and the Safe Minimum Standard.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 73(2): 309–12.Google Scholar
Roan, Philip F., and Martin, Wade E. 1996. “Optimal Production and Reclamation at a Mine Site with an Ecosystem Constraint. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 30(2): 186–98.Google Scholar
Rubin, J., Helfand, G., and Loomis, J. 1991. “A Benefit-Cost Analysis of the Northern Spotted Owl.” Journal of Forestry 89(12): 25–30.Google Scholar
Ruitenbeek, H. Jack. 1992. “The Rainforest Supply Price: A Tool for Evaluating Rainforest Conservation Expenditures.” Ecological Economics 6(1): 57–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sagoff, Mark. 1994. “Should Preferences Count?” Land Economics 70(2): 127–44.Google Scholar
Sample, V. Alaric. 1994. “Building Partnerships for Ecosystem Management on Mixed Ownership Landscapes.” Journal of Forestry 92(8): 41–44.Google Scholar
Sedjo, Roger A. 1995a. “Toward an Operational Definition of Ecosystem Management.” Paper presented to the Workshop on Analysis in Support of Ecosystem Management. April 10–13, Fort Collins, Colo.Google Scholar
Sedjo, Roger A. 1995b. “Ecosystem Management: An Uncharted Path for Public Forests.” Resources no. 121(fall): 10, 18–20.Google Scholar
Sedjo, Roger A. 1996a. “Toward an Operational Approach to Public Lands Ecosystem Management.” Journal of Forestry. In press.Google Scholar
Sedjo, Roger A. 1996b. “Environmental Impacts of Forest Protection: Some Complications.” Paper presented to the International Seminar on Forest Industries toward the Third Millennium: Economic and Environmental Challenges. European Forestry Institute and University of Joensuu, March 18, Joensuu, Finland.Google Scholar
Simpson, R. David, and Sedjo, Roger A. 1996. “Investments in Biodiversity Prospecting and Incentives for Conservation.” Discussion Paper 96-14. Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future. April.Google Scholar
Simpson, R. David, Sedjo, Roger A., and Reid, John W. 1996. “Valuing Biodiversity for Use in Pharmaceutical Research.” Journal of Political Economy 104(1): 163–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, V. Kerry, and Kurtilla, John V. 1979. “Endangered Species, Irreversibilities, and Uncertainty: A Comment.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 61(2): 371–75.Google Scholar
Solow, Andrew R., Polasky, Stephen, and Broadus, James M. 1993. “On the Measurement of Biological Diversity.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 24(1): 60–68.Google Scholar
Stanley, Thomas R. Jr. 1995. “Ecosystem Management and the Arrogance of Humanism.” Conservation Biology 9(2): 255–62.Google Scholar
Sullivan, Francis. 1996. “Independent Certification of Forests and Forest Products.” Paper presented to the International Seminar on Forest Industries Toward the Third Millennium: Economic and Environmental Challenges. European Forestry Institute and University of Joensuu, March 18, Joensuu, Finland.Google Scholar
Swallow, Stephen K. 1994. “Renewable and Nonrenewable Resource Theory Applied to Coastal Agriculture, Forest, Wetland, and Fishery Linkages.” Marine Resource Economics 9(4): 291–310.Google Scholar
Swallow, Stephen K. 1996. “Resource Capital Theory and Ecosystem Economics: Developing Nonrenewable Habitats of Heterogeneous Quality.” Southern Economic Journal 63(1): 106–23.Google Scholar
Swallow, Stephen K., Talukdar, Piyali, and Wear, David N. n.d. “Spatial and Temporal Specialization in Forest Ecosystem Management under Sole Ownership.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics. In press.Google Scholar
Swallow, Stephen K., and Wear, David N. 1993. “Spatial Interactions in Multiple-Use Forestry and Substitution and Wealth Effects for the Single Stand.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 25(2): 103–20.Google Scholar
Swallow, Stephen K., Weaver, Thomas F., Smith, Lynn A., and Johnston, Robert J. 1995. “Designing Environmental Programs: Policy-Relevant Payment Vehicles and In-Kind Tradeoffs in Watershed Management Plans.” Paper presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Agricultural Economics Association and the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists. August 6–9, Indianapolis, Ind.Google Scholar
Tilman, David. 1996. “Biodiversity: Population Versus Ecosystem Stability.” Ecology 77(2): 350–63.Google Scholar
Turner, Monica G. 1989. “Landscape Ecology: The Effect of Pattern on Process.” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 20: 171–97.Google Scholar
Vincent, Jeffrey R. and Binkley, Clark S. 1993. “Efficient Multiple-Use Forestry May Require Land-Use Specialization.” Land Economics 69(4): 370–76.Google Scholar
Wear, David N. 1992. “Forest Management, Institutions, and Ecological Sustainability.” Proceedings of the Appalachian Society of American Foresters Meeting, Asheville, NC 12–16.Google Scholar
Wear, David N., Turner, Monica G., and Flamm, Richard O. 1996. “Ecosystem Management in a Multi-Ownership Setting: Exploring Landscape Dynamics in a Southern Appalachian Watershed.” Ecological Applications. In press.Google Scholar
Weitzman, Martin L. 1992. “On Diversity.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 107(2): 363–406.Google Scholar
Weitzman, Martin L. 1993. “What to Preserve? An Application of Diversity Theory to Crane Conservation.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 108(1): 157–83.Google Scholar
Windsor, Donald A. 1995. “Equal Rights for Parasites.” Conservation Biology 9(1): 1–2.Google Scholar