Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T01:00:30.909Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Psycho-social transition to retirement and adjustment to retired life: influence on wellbeing and mental health in retired farmers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2018

Sonia Laberon*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Psychology EA 4139, University of Bordeaux, France
Catherine Grotz
Affiliation:
Psychology of Aging Unit, University of Liège, Belgium
Hélène Amieva
Affiliation:
ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, France
Karine Pérès
Affiliation:
ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, France
Anne-Marie Vonthron
Affiliation:
Parisian Laboratory of Social Psychology EA 4386, University of Paris Ouest-Nanterre, France
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

This article investigates the relationship between psycho-social transition to retirement on the wellbeing and mental health of retired farmers through their adjustment to retired life. The sample was taken from the Approche Multidisciplinaire Intégrée cohort, a French prospective study of retired farmers living in rural areas in south-western France. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on a sample of 530 participants. The wellbeing and mental health of retirees were investigated through three outcomes: satisfaction with current life, perceived health and depression. Multiple mediator models show that the more retirees consider retirement as a positive event, the better they adapt to the new temporality of their retirement life and the more they feel satisfied with their current life, healthy and less depressed. Acceptance of the end of working life is also a mediator in the perceived health model. These results highlight the centrality of the adjustment to the new temporality induced by retirement. They indicate that the level of this adjustment is linked to how retirement is affectively experienced, regardless of its duration.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, ML, Goodman, J and Schlossberg, NK (2012) Counseling Adults in Transition: Linking Schlossberg's Theory with Practice in a Diverse World. Fourth edition, New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Ashforth, B (2001) Role Transitions in Organizational Life: An Identity-based Perspective. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Atchley, RC (1989) A continuity theory of normal aging. The Gerontologist 29, 2, 183190.Google Scholar
Beehr, TA and Bennett, MM (2015) Working after retirement: features of bridge employment and research directions. Work, Aging and Retirement 1, 1, 112128.Google Scholar
Blair, A and Freeman, LB (2009) Epidemiologic studies in agricultural populations: observations and future directions. Journal of Agromedicine 14, 2, 125131.Google Scholar
Blais, MR, Vallerand, RJ, Pelletier, LG and Brière, NM (1989) L’Échelle de satisfaction de vie: validation canadienne-française du ‘Satisfaction with Life Scale’. Revue Canadienne des Sciences du Comportement 21, 2, 210223.Google Scholar
Browne, MW and Cudeck, R (1993) Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In Bollen, KA and Long, JS (eds), Testing Structural Equation Models. Newbury Park, California: Sage, pp. 136162.Google Scholar
Byrne, BM (1994) Structural Equation Modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.Google Scholar
Calvo, E, Sarkisian, N and Tamborini, CR (2013) Causal effects of retirement timing on subjective physical and emotional health. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 68B, 1, 7384.Google Scholar
Chevalier, S, Fouquereau, E, Gillet, N and Demulier, V (2013) Development of the Reasons for Entrepreneurs’ Retirement Decision Inventory (RERDI) and preliminary evidence of its psychometric properties in a French sample. Journal of Career Assessment 21, 4, 572586.Google Scholar
Cohen, J (1988) Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Second edition, Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Curie, J (2000) Travail, personnalisation, changements sociaux. Toulouse: Octares.Google Scholar
DeSalvo, KB, Bloser, N, Reynolds, K, He, J and Muntner, P (2006) Mortality prediction with a single general self-rated health question. A meta-analysis. Journal of General Internal Medicine 21, 3, 267275.Google Scholar
DeVellis, RF (2003) Scale Development: Theory and Applications. Second edition, Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.Google Scholar
Diener, E (1984) Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin 95, 3, 542575.Google Scholar
Diener, E (1994) Assessing subjective well-being: progress and opportunities. Social Indicators Research 31, 2, 103157.Google Scholar
Evans, RJ (2009) A comparison of rural and urban older adults in Iowa on specific markers of successful aging. Journal of Gerontological Social Work 52, 4, 423438.Google Scholar
Flora, DB and Flake, JK (2017) The purpose and practice of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in psychological research: decisions for scale development and validation. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 49, 2, 7888.Google Scholar
Floyd, FJ, Haynes, SN, Doll, ER, Winemiller, D, Lemsky, C, Burgy, TM, Werle, M and Heilman, N (1992) Assessing retirement satisfaction and perceptions of retirement experiences. Psychology and Aging 7, 4, 609621.Google Scholar
Fouquereau, E, Fernandez, A, Fonseca, AM, Paul, MC and Uotinen, V (2005) Perceptions of and satisfaction with retirement: a comparison of six European Union countries. Psychology and Aging 20, 3, 524528.Google Scholar
Fouquereau, E, Fernandez, A and Mullet, E (1999) The Retirement Satisfaction Inventory: factor structure in a French sample. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 15, 1, 4754.Google Scholar
Fragar, L, Depczynski, J and Lower, T (2011) Mortality patterns of Australian male farmers and farm managers. Australian Journal of Rural Health 19, 4, 179184.Google Scholar
Führer, R and Rouillon, F (1989) La version française de l’échelle CES-D. Description et traduction de l’échelle d'auto évaluation. Psychiatrie et Psychobiologie 4, 3, 163166.Google Scholar
Gall, LT, Evans, DR and Howard, J (1997) The retirement adjustment process: changes in the well-being of male retirees across time. Journals of Gerontology 52B, 3, 110117.Google Scholar
George, LK (2010) Still happy after all these years: research frontiers on subjective well-being in later life. Journals of Gerontology: Social Sciences 65B, 3, 331339.Google Scholar
George, LK and Maddox, GL (1977) Subjective adaptation to loss of the work role: a longitudinal study. Journal of Gerontology 32, 4, 456462.Google Scholar
Goodman, J, Schlossberg, NK and Anderson, ML (2006) Counseling Adults in Transitions: Linking Practice with Theory. Third edition, New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Grotz, C, Matharan, F, Amieva, H, Pérès, K, Laberon, S, Vonthron, AM, Dartigues, JF, Adam, S and Letenneur, L (2017) Psychological transition and adjustment processes related to retirement: influence on cognitive functioning. Aging & Mental Health 21, 12, 13101316.Google Scholar
Hu, L and Bentler, PM (1998) Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods 3, 4, 424453.Google Scholar
Iwatsubo, Y, Derriennic, F, Cassou, B and Poitrenaud, J (1996) Predictors of life satisfaction among retired people in Paris. International Journal of Epidemiology, 25, 1, 160170.Google Scholar
Kim, J and Moen, P (2001) Is retirement good or bad for subjective well-being? Current Directions in Psychological Science 10, 3, 8386.Google Scholar
Kim, J and Moen, P (2002) Retirement transitions, gender, and psychological well-being: a life-course approach. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 57B, 3, 212222.Google Scholar
Kline, RB (1998) Principles and Practices of Structural Equation Modeling. New York: Guilford.Google Scholar
Kuerbis, A and Sacco, P (2012) The impact of retirement on the drinking patterns of older adults: a review. Addictive Behaviors 37, 5, 587595.Google Scholar
Lyubomirsky, S, King, L and Diener, E (2005) The benefits of frequent positive affect: does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin 131, 6, 803855.Google Scholar
MacCallum, RC, Browne, MW and Sugawara, HM (1996) Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods 1, 2, 130149.Google Scholar
Mallet, P and Gaudron, JP (2005) Emotions and transitions: international theoretical frameworks and empirical research. L'Orientation Scolaire et Professionnelle 34, 3, 287294.Google Scholar
Matthews, AM and Brown, K (1987) Retirement as a critical life event. The differential experiences of women and men. Research on Aging 9, 4, 548571.Google Scholar
Netz, Y, Wu, MJ, Becker, BJ and Tenenbaum, G (2005) Physical activity and psychological well-being in advanced age: a meta-analysis of intervention studies. Psychology and Aging 20, 2, 272284.Google Scholar
Nunnally, JC and Bernstein, IH (1994) Psychometric Theory. Third edition, New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Ong, AD, Bergeman, CS, Bisconti, TL and Wallace, KA (2006) Psychological resilience, positive emotions, and successful adaptation to stress in later life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 91, 4, 730749.Google Scholar
Parkes, M (1971) Psycho-social transitions: a field for study. Social Science & Medicine 5, 2, 101115.Google Scholar
Pérès, K, Matharan, F, Allard, M, Amieva, H, Baldi, I, Barberger-Gateau, P, Bergua, V, Bourdel-Marchasson, I, Delcourt, C, Foubert-Samier, A, Fourrier-Réglat, A, Gaimard, M, Laberon, S, Maubaret, C, Postal, V, Chantal, C, Rainfray, M, Rascle, N and Dartigues, J-F (2012) Health and aging in elderly farmers: the AMI cohort. BMC Public Health 12, 1, 558.Google Scholar
Pinquart, M and Schindler, I (2007) Changes of life satisfaction in the transition to retirement: a latent-class approach. Psychology and Aging 22, 3, 442455.Google Scholar
Poitrenaud, J, Vallery-Masson, J, Costagliola, D, Darcet, Ph and Lion, MR (1983) Retraite, bien-être psychologique et santé: étude longitudinale d'une population de cadres parisiens. Revue d’épidémiologie et de santé publique 31, 4, 469482.Google Scholar
Preacher, KJ and Hayes, AF (2008 a) Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods 40, 3, 879891.Google Scholar
Preacher, KJ and Hayes, AF (2008 b) SPSS Macro for Multiple Mediation Written by Andrew F. Hayes. The Ohio State University. Available online at http://www.afhayes.com (4 April 2015).Google Scholar
Radloff, LS (1977) The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Pyschological Measurement 1, 3, 385401.Google Scholar
Schlossberg, NK, Waters, E and Goodman, J (1995) Counseling Adults in Transitions: Linking Practice with Theory. Second edition, New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Schlossberg, NK (1981) A model for analyzing human adaptation to transition. The Counseling Psychologist 9, 2, 218.Google Scholar
Schlossberg, NK (2004) Retire Smart, Retire Happy. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Schlossberg, NK (2009) Revitalizing Retirement: Reshaping Your Identity, Relationships and Purpose. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Schlossberg, NK (2011) The challenge of change: the transition model and its applications. Journal of Employment Counseling 48, 4, 159162.Google Scholar
Schmidt, C and Vonthron, A-M (1998) L'adaptation subjective à la cessation d'activité professionnelle chez les retraités et les préretraités. Carriérologie 7, 1/2, 81100.Google Scholar
Seligman, ME and Csikszentmihalyi, M (2000) Positive psychology: an introduction. American Psychologist 55, 1, 514.Google Scholar
Shultz, KS, Morton, KR and Weckerle, JR (1998) The influence of push and pull factors on voluntary and involuntary early retirees’ retirement decision and adjustment. Journal of Vocational Behavior 53, 1, 4557.Google Scholar
Shultz, KS and Wang, M (2011) Psychological perspectives on the changing nature of retirement. American Psychologist 66, 3, 170179.Google Scholar
Steiger, JH (1990) Structural model evaluation and modification: an interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioural Research 25, 2, 173180.Google Scholar
Thelin, N, Holmberg, S, Nettelbladt, P and Thelin, A (2009) Mortality and morbidity among farmers, nonfarming rural men, and urban referents: a prospective population-based study. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 15, 1, 2128.Google Scholar
Thériault, J (1994) Retirement as a psychosocial transition: process of adaptation to change. International Journal of Aging and Human Development 38, 2, 153170.Google Scholar
Therrien, FH and Desrosiers, J (2010) Participation of metropolitan, urban and rural community-dwelling older adults. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 51, 3, 5256.Google Scholar
Topa, G, Moriano, JA and Depolo, M (2009) Antecedents and consequences of retirement planning and decision-making: a meta-analysis and model. Journal of Vocational Behaviour 75, 1, 3855.Google Scholar
Tugade, MM, Fredrickson, BL and Barrett, LF (2004) Psychological resilience and positive emotional granularity: examining the benefits of positive emotions on coping and health. Journal of Personality 72, 6, 11611190.Google Scholar
Van Solinge, H (2007) Health change in retirement. a longitudinal study among older workers in the Netherlands. Research on Aging 29, 3, 225256.Google Scholar
Van Solinge, H and Henkens, K (2008) Adjustment to and satisfaction with retirement: two of a kind? Psychology and Aging 23, 2, 422434.Google Scholar
Wang, M (2007) Profiling retirees in the retirement transition and adjustment process: examining the longitudinal change patterns of retirees’ psychological well-being. Journal of Applied Psychology 92, 2, 455474.Google Scholar
Wang, M and Shultz, KS (2010) Employee retirement: a review and recommendations for future investigation. Journal of Management 36, 1, 172206.Google Scholar
Westerlund, H, Kivimaki, M, Singh-Manoux, A, Melchior, M, Ferrie, JE, Pentti, J, Jokela, M, Leineweber, C, Goldberg, M, Zins, M and Vahtera, J (2009) Self-rated health before and after retirement in France (GAZEL): a cohort study. Lancet 374, 9705, 18891896.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2004) Promoting Mental Health: Concepts, Emerging Evidence, Practice: Summary Report. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar