Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T09:51:14.290Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Day Care in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands: A Comparative Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 November 2008

Henk Nies ,
Susan Tester  and
Jan Maarten Nuijens
Henk Nies
Affiliation:
Senior Researcher, National Hospital Institute of The Netherlands, P.O. Box 9697, 3506 GR, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Susan Tester
Affiliation:
Policy Development Officer, Centre for Policy on Ageing, London, United Kingdom
Jan Maarten Nuijens
Affiliation:
Psychologist, Nursing Home ‘De Bieslandhof’, Délft, The Netherlands
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The United Kingdom and the Netherlands differ significantly with respect to structure, policy, legislation and financing of their care delivery systems. Day care services for elderly people thus developed in considerably different policy and socio-historical contexts. In this article various aspects of day care in the two countries are compared. The most marked distinctions between the countries concern supply and distribution of services. The practice of day care, however, appears to be very similar, as indicated by similar objectives, care and activities, staffing and premises, and demographic, social and medical characteristics of users. Some differences are noted concerning problems with transport and organisational linkages of day care services. It is concluded that the supply and distribution of services are largely determined by government policy and that design, quality and day-today practice are primarily a consequence of professional standards and the needs of users and their relatives. Further, a new conceptualisation of day care is advocated: different terminology, more flexibility and a wider range of activities. Finally, the future contributions of day care within both countries' policy contexts are discussed.

Type
Research Article
Information
Ageing & Society , Volume 11 , Issue 3 , September 1991 , pp. 245 - 273
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

NOTES

1 Brocklehurst, J. C., The Geriatric Day Hospital. King Edward's Hospital Fund, London, 1970;Google ScholarCarter, J., Day Services for Adults – Somewhere to Go. George Allen and Unwin, London, 1981;Google ScholarForbes, W. F., Jackson, J. A. and Kraus, A. S., Institutionalization of the Elderly in Canada. Butterworths, Toronto/Vancouver, 1987;Google ScholarHaaft, G. ten, Zorgvoorzieningen voor Ouderen in Zweden. Vakgroep Huishoudkunde, Landbouwuniversiteit, Wageningen, 1987;Google ScholarLöβl, G., Tagesversorgung für Langzeitkranke in Skandinavien. Zeitschrzft für Gerontologie, 10 (1977), 235–43;Google ScholarMehta, N. H. and Mack, C. M., Day care services: an alternative to institutional care. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 23 (1975), 280–3;CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMedMeier, Baumgartner H. P. and Görres, S.Übersicht über geriatrische Kliniken und Tageskilniken in Deutschland. Zeitschrzft für Gerontologie, 21 (1988), 28–31;Google ScholarNies, H. L. G. R., Dag behandeing? Een tussentijdse balans van dagbehandeling in verpleeghuizen. Tjdschrjft voor Gerontologie en Geriatric, 17 (1986), 25–32;Google ScholarTester, S., Caring by Day: A Study of Day Care Services for Older People, Centre for Policy on Ageing, London, 1989;Google ScholarWeiler, P. G., Adult day care, in Maddox, G. L. (ed), The Encyclopedia of Aging. Springer, New York, 1987, p. 8.Google Scholar

2 Tester, , op. cit., p. 37.Google Scholar

3 Brocklehurst, J. C. and Tucker, J. S., Progress in Geriatric Day Care. King Edward's Hospital Fund, London, 1980;Google ScholarHall, M. R. P., Day care and society. Gerontologia Clinica, 16 (1974), 300–6;CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMedUssher, C. W. J., If day care was a drug, you'd never stop prescribing it. Geriatric Medicine (1979), 21–7;Google ScholarMurphy, E., Day care. Who and what is it for? New Age, 31 (1985), 6–9; Brocklehurst, op. cit.Google Scholar

4 Nuijens, M. J. M., Evaluatie-onderzoek Sociale Dagopvang voor Ouderen in Arnhem. Intervakgroep Sociale Gerontologie, Katholieke Universiteit, Nijmegen, 1988 a;Google ScholarNuijens, M. J. M., Sociale dagopvang voor ouderen. Een nieuwe schakel in het stelsel van voorzieningen in Arnhem? Tijdschrift voor Gerontologie en Geriatric, 19 (1988 b), 193–9;Google ScholarPahl, J., Day Services for Elderly People in the Medway Health District. Health Services Research Unit, University of Kent, Canterbury, 1986; Carter, op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.Google Scholar

5 Farndale, J., The Day Hospital Movement in Great Britain. Pergamon Press, London, 1961;Google ScholarNZI, Basisgegevens Intramurale Gezondheidszorg per 1.1. 1980–1991. Nationaal Ziekenhuisinstituut, Utrecht, 1980–1991;Google ScholarSIG, Sivis Jaarboelc 1984–1987. SIG Informatiecentrum voor de gezondheidszorg, Utrecht, 1985–1988;Google ScholarTulder, J. van and Zwier, J., Tijdelijk Onder Dak, Tijdelijk Onderdak. Nederlands Instituut voor Zorg en Welzijn, Utrecht, 1990; Brocklehurst, op. cit.; Brocklehurst and Tucker, op. cit.; Carter, op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.Google Scholar

6 For a description of the methods of this research, the reader is referred to the following sources: Nies, H. L. G. R., Dagopvang en dagverzorging voor ouderen. Nieuwe voorzieningen in ontwikkeling. Tijdschrift voor Gerontologie en Geriatric, 20 (1989), 67–72;Google ScholarNuijens, M.J. M., Well-being of primary caregivers of the frail elderly: the significance of semi-institutional facilities, in Munnichs, J. M. A. and Stevens, N. L. (eds), Evaluation and intervention. Research on Aging. Dept. of Social Gerontology/German Centre of Gerontology, Nijmegen/Berlin (West), 1989, 97–11 1;Google ScholarNies, , 1986, op. cit.;Google ScholarNuijens, , 1988 a, b, op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.Google Scholar

7 Background information about both countries, such as size of the country, density of the population, the political system, the general economic situation and cultural characteristics are assumed to be known to the reader.

8 Hunter, D. J., Care Delivery Systems for the Elderly. Inter-Nation Review of Policies and Services for the Elderly. University of Bath, Bath, 1986.Google Scholar

9 Baldock, J., How to do more while spending less: social work's search for the Holy Grail of the 1980s, in Brenton, M. and Ungerson, C. (eds), The rear Book of Social Policy in Britain 1985–6. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1986, pp. 171–94;Google ScholarEdwards, C., Sinclair, I. and Gorbach, P., Day centres for the elderly: variations in type, provision and user response. British Journal of Social Work, 10 (1980), 419–30;Google ScholarHearn, J. and Small, N., Planning the personal social services, in Jones, C. and Stevenson, J. (eds), The rear Book of Social Policy in Britain 1983. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984, pp. 140–55;Google ScholarWalker, A., Community care policy: residualising public services, in MacCarthy, M. (ed), The Yew Politics of Welfare. MacMillan, London, 1989.Google Scholar

10 Kastelein, M., Dijkstra, A. and Schouten, C. C., Care of the Elderly in the Netherlands. Institute of Preventive Health Care, Londen, 1989;Google ScholarHunter, , 1986, op. cit.Google Scholar

11 Nies, H. L. G. R. and Nuijens, M. J. M., Ouderenorg in Engeland. Aanknopingspunten voor Beleid in Nederland. Intervakgroep Sociale Gerontologie/Gelderse Raad voor de Volksgezondheid, Nijmegen/Arnhem, 1989.Google Scholar

12 There are three types of nursing homes in the Netherlands: those for patients with predominantly physical ailments (further termed as geriatric patients), those for elderly mentally infirm patients, mainly suffering from dementia (further termed as psychogeriatric patients), and homes with a combined function for both geriatric and psychogeriatric patients, accommodated in separate wards. Dutch nursing homes are more medical and therapeutic than their British counterparts and less hospital-like than geriatric wards or hospitals.

13 Nies, H. L. G. R., Divergerende stelsels en convergerende problemen in de ouderenzorg. Beleidswetenschap, 4 (1990), 315–32.Google Scholar

14 Knipscheer, C. P. M., Family care of the impaired elderly: possibilities for innovation, in Heuvel, W. van den and Schrijvers, G. (eds), Innovations in Care for the Elderly. De Tijdstroom, Lochem/Gent, 1986, pp. 137–65;Google ScholarSinclair, I., Residential care for elderly people, in Sinclair, I. (ed), Residential Care. The Research Reviewed. HMSO, London, 1988, pp. 242–91;Google ScholarHunter, , 1986, op. cit.,Google ScholarNies, , 1990, op. cit.; due to differing definitions, the figures are not completely comparable. Their value should not be regarded in an absolute sense, but more for their indicative use.Google Scholar

15 Nies, , 1990, op. cit.Google Scholar

16 Goudriaan, G., Thuiszorg tussen de Lijnen. HRWB, 's-Gravenhage, 1988;Google ScholarHenwood, M., Community care: policy, practices and prognosis, in Brenton, M. and Ungerson, C. (eds), The Year Book of Social Policy in Britain 1985–6. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London/New York, 1986, pp. 147–69;Google ScholarHunter, D. J., From institutional to community care for elderly people in the United Kingdom, in Munnichs, J. M. A. and Stevens, N. L. (eds), Evaluation and Intervention. Research on Aging. Dept. of Social Gerontology/German Centre of Gerontology, Nijmegen/ Berlin (West), 1989, pp. 19–30;Google ScholarLewis, R. and Wattis, J., Continuing care of old people – a medical viewpoint. Ageing and Society, 8 (1988), 189–209;CrossRefGoogle ScholarMunnichs, J. M. A., Voorzieningen voor Ouderen. Visie op de Ouderdom. Van Loghum Slaterus, Deventer, 1984;Google ScholarQureshi, H. and Walker, A., Caring for elderly people: the family and the state, in Phillipson, C. and Walker, A. (eds), Ageing and Social Policy – A Critical Assessment. Gower, Aldershot, 1986, pp. 109–27;Google ScholarWVC, Nota Flankerend Bejaardenbeleid. Ministerie van Welzijn, Volksgezondheid en Cultuur, 1983.Google Scholar

17 Mehta and Mack, op. cit.

18 Brocklehurst, op. cit.; Farndale, op. cit.

19 See, for instance, the government documents: Priorities in the Health and Social Services: The Way Forward. HMSO, London, 1977; Care in Action: A Handbook of Policies and Priorities for the Health and Personal Social Services in England. HMSO, London, 1981; Growing Older. Cmnd. 8173, HMSO, London, 1981; The Rising Tide: Developing Services for Mental Illness in Old Age. NHS HAS, Sutton, 1982; Hall, op. cit.

20 Age, Concern, Mental Health in Old Age: A Collection of Projects. Age Concern London, 1983; Carter, op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.Google Scholar

21 Means, R., The development of social services for elderly people: historical perspectives, in Phillipson, C. and Walker, A. (eds), Ageing and Social Policy – A Critical Assessment. Gower, Aldershot, 1986, pp. 87–106;Google ScholarMeans, R. and Randall, S., From public assistance institutions to ‘sunshine hotels’: changing state perceptions about residential care for the elderly, 1929–1948, in Jerrome, J. (ed), Ageing in Modern Society. Croom Helm, Beckenham, 1983, pp. 199–226;Google ScholarParker, R. A., An historical background to residential care, in Sinclair, I. (ed), Residential Care. The Research Reviewed. HMSO, London, 1988, pp. 3–28; Tester, op. cit.Google Scholar

22 Hildick-Smith, M., Geriatric day hospitals: practice and planning. Age and Ageing, 9 (1980), 38–46; Carter, op. cit.; Edwards et al., op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

23 Leering, C. and Engbers, F., Aims of day-treatment for psychogeriatric patients. Paper, Verpleeghuis Regina Pacis, Arnhem, 1980;Google ScholarLeering, C. and Ringoir, D. J. B., Day-hospital treatment for psychogeriatric patients in the Netherlands. Paper, Deutsche Gerontologie Gesellschaft, Frankfurt, 1981.Google Scholar

24 Van Tulder and Zwier, op. cit.

25 Tweede, Kamer, Nota Bouwstenen voor een Ouderenbeleid. Tweede Kamer der Staten Generaal, Den Haag, 1982;Google ScholarTweede, Kamer, Nota Zorg voor Ouderen. Tweede Kamer, vergaderjaar 1985–1986, 19434, nos. 1–2; Nies, op. cit.; WVC, op. cit.Google Scholar

26 NZI, op. cit.

27 Burgers, A. M. C. and Zwier, J., Flankerend Ouderenbeleid in 1985. NFB, Den Haag, 1987;Google ScholarMertens, H., Flankerend Bejaardenbeleid in 1984. NFB, Den Haag, 1985;Google ScholarRedeker, I., Theunisse, A. J. M. and Witlox, A. H. T., Flankerend Ouderenbeleid in de Provincie Utrecht. Instituut voor Onderzoek en Documentatie/Provinciale Raad voor de Volksgezondheid en Maatschappelijke Dienstverlening, Utrecht, 1988;Google ScholarSteenvoorden, M. (ed), Flankerend Ouderenbeleid. Ontwikkelingen en Vernieuwingen. NFB, Den Haag, 1988;Google ScholarNies, , 1989, op. cit.; Van Tulder and Zwier, op. cit.Google Scholar

28 Farndale, op. cit.

29 Brocklehurst, op. cit.; Brocklehurst and Tucker, op. cit.

30 Because the number of places is calculated on a 5-day week basis, the figures may be somewhat misleading. For instance, voluntary centres tend to be open once, twice or sometimes three times a week, thereby causing a lower mean. Day hospitals and statutory day centres are often open five days a week, thus causing only a minor distortion; for information on opening times see Brocklehurst, op. cit.; Brocklehurst and Tucker, op. cit.; Farndlale, op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.; Ussher, op. cit.

31 Spaan, J. M. and Poeisz, J. J., Dagbehandelingscentra in Verpleeghuizen – Een Inventarisatie. Nationaal Ziekenhuisinstituut, Utrecht, 1976.Google Scholar

32 WVC, Richtlijnen Wet Ziekenhuisvoorzieningen. Ministerie van Welzijn, Volksgezondheid en Cultuur, Leidschendam, 1986.Google Scholar

33 Steenvoorden, op. cit.

34 Van Tulder and Zwier, op. cit.

35 Kroon, A. van der, Dagverzorging, Dagopvang voor Ouderen. Landbouwuniversiteit, Wageningen, 1986;Google ScholarNies, , 1989, op. cit.; Redeker et al., op. cit.; van Tulder and Zwier, op. cit.Google Scholar

36 Jongeneel, F. and Leenders, J., Tussen Thuis en Verpleeghuis. Nationaal Ziekenhuisinstituut, Utrecht, 1982; Brocklehurst and Tucker, op. cit.; Carter, op. cit.Google Scholar

37 Brocklehurst, op. cit.; Brocklehurst and Tucker, op. cit.; Hall, op. cit.; Hilidick-Smith, op. cit.; Murphy, op. cit.; Ussher, op. cit.

38 Peace, S. M., Caring from Day to Day. MIND, London, 1980.Google Scholar

39 Tester, op. cit.

40 Staats, G., Dagbehandeling, dagverzorging en dagopvang, in Trommel, J., Ribbe, M. W. and Stoop, J. A. (eds), Capita Selecta van de Verpleeghuisgeneeskurnde. Bohn, Scheltema en Holkema, Utrecht/Antwerpen, 1989, pp. 107–11;Google ScholarNies, , 1986, op. cit.Google Scholar

41 Nies, H. L. G. R. and Boerma, L. H., Wachtlijsten voor Verpleeghuizen in Gelderland. Gelderse Raad voor de Volksgezondheid/Stichting Gelderland, Arnhem, 1988.Google Scholar

42 Nies, H. L. G. R., Dagbehandeling in Verpleeghuizen. Een Tussenhjdse Balans. Gelderse Raad voor de Volksgezondheid, Arnhem, 1985;Google ScholarNies, , 1986, op. cit.Google Scholar

43 Tester, op. cit.

44 Redeker et al., op. cit.; van Tulder and Zwier, op. cit.

45 Jongeneel and Leenders, op. cit.

46 Hettiaratchy, P., The UK's travelling day hospital. Ageing International, 12 (1985), 10–11; Brocklehurst, op. cit.; Brocklehurst and Tucker, op. cit.; Carter, op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.Google Scholar

47 Farndale, op. cit.

48 Brocklehurst and Tucker, op. cit.

49 Tester, op. cit.

50 Carter, op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.

51 Hart, L. C., Dagbehandeling in Verpleeghuizen in de Provincie Utrecht. Provinciale Raad voor de Volksgezondheid en Maatschappelijke Dienstverlening, Utrecht, 1986;Google ScholarWitlox, A. and Nies, H., De voor- en nadelen van dagbehandeling in alle verpleeghuizen. Het Ziekenhuis, 3 (1987), 90–92.Google Scholar

52 In service centres, the co-ordinating agencies for elderly people (see p. 00) provide a number of services and activities, ranging from social and recreational activities, keep fit, education and information to more care oriented services.

53 Mandersloot, T., De Organisatie van Dagopvangprojecten in de Ouderenzorg. Wageningen, Landbouwuniversiteit, 1989; Van der Kroon, op. cit.;Google ScholarNies, , 1989, op. cit.; Redeker et al., op. cit.; Van Tulder and Zwier, op. cit.Google Scholar

54 The table presents only rough estimates because different categories and quantifications are used by the various authors. Sources: Diesfeldt, H. F. A., Dagbehandeling voor psychogeriatrische patienten. In Goedhart, W. J. A. and Knook, D. L. (eds), Geriatric Informatorium. Stafleu, Alphen aan den Rijn, 1988, pp. 1–15;Google ScholarPlaats, van der, J. J., Dagbehandeling in verpleeghuizen. Medisch Contact, 39 (1984), 316–18;Google ScholarTuffnell, G., Warburton, R. W., Morgan, R. T. T. and Simons, K. R., Elderly Users of Day Care. Cambridgeshire County Council, Cambridge, 1980; Brocklehurst and Tucker, op. cit.; Carter, op. cit.; Jongeneel and Leenders, op. cit.; Murphy, op. cit.; Van der Kroon, op. cit.;Google ScholarNies, , 1985, op. cit.;Google ScholarNies, , 1989, op. cit.; Redeker et al., op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.; Van Tulder and Zwier, op. cit.; Ussher, op. cit.Google Scholar

55 The data in Table 6 should be treated with caution, since a number of professions do not have entirely comparable counterparts. Nurses and nursing auxiliaries, for instance, have different qualifications in each country. The same holds for occupational therapists, craft instructors and care assistants. For the other professions the distinctions are less evident. Sources: Donaldson, C., Wright, K. G., Maynard, A. K., Hamill, J. D. and Sutcliffe, E., Day hospitals for the elderly: utiisation and performance. Community Medicine, 9 (1987), 55–61;Google ScholarPubMedPAW, Tussen Thuis en Tehuis. Provinciaal Adviesorgaan voor Welzijnsaangelegenheden, Groningen, 1988; Brocklehurst and Tucker, op. cit.; Diesfeldt, op. cit.; Hart, op. cit.; Hildick-Smith, op. cit.; Jongeneel and Leenders, op. cit.; Murphy, op. cit.;Google ScholarNies, , 1989, op. cit.; Redeker et al., op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.; Van Tulder and Zwier, op. cit.Google Scholar

56 Tester, op. cit.

57 Diesfeldt, op. cit.; Farndale, op. cit.; Jongeneel and Leenders, op. cit.; Nies, , 1989, op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.; Ussher, op. cit.Google Scholar

58 Tester, op. cit.

59 Tester, op. cit.

60 Nies, , 1989, op. cit., Van Tulder and Zwier, op. cit.Google Scholar

61 Jongeneel and Leenders, op. cit.

62 Nies, , 1989, op. cit.; Van Tulder and Zwier, op. cit.Google Scholar

63 Burgers and Zwier, op. cit.

64 Nuy, M. H. R., Plaats, J. J. van der and Vernooy, M., Dagbehandeling in Verpleeghuizen. Instituut Sociale Geneeskunde, Nijmegen, 1984;Google ScholarPlaats, J. J. van der, Heyendael, P. and Wijhe, R. van, Somatic day treatment in the Netherlands: experiences and problems, in Heuvel, W. J. A. van den and Schrijvers, G. (eds), Innovations in Care for the Elderly. De Tijdstroom, Lochem-Gent, 1986, pp. 72–91; Brocklehurst, op. cit.; Brocklehurst and Tucker, op. cit.; Farndale, op. cit.; Hildick-Smith, op. cit.; SIG, op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.Google Scholar

65 At national level the only data collected are for available place days and first attendances and re-attendances for different main specialty functions.

66 SIG, op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.

67 Nies, , 1985, op. cit.; Nuy et al., op. cit.; Van der Plaats et al., op. cit.; SIG, op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.Google Scholar

68 Brocklehurst and Tucker, op. cit.; Hildick-Smith, op. cit.; SIG, op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.

69 Bonn, M. C. and Horn, G. H. M. M.ten, Dagbehandeling van psychogeriatrische patiënten in verpleeghuizen, anno 1979. Tijdschrzft voor Gerontologie en Geriatric, 13 (1982), 94–8;Google ScholarEnders, M. and Peters, L., Zeven jaar dagverpleging in verpleeghuis ‘Kalorama’. Medisch Contact, 33 (1978), 681–5;Google ScholarSalomons, H. and Trommel, J., Tien jaar dagbehandeling in een psychogeriatrisch verpleeghuis. Vox Hospitii, 10 (1986), 22–5; Brocklehurst, op. cit.; Farndale, op. cit.;Google ScholarNies, , 1985, op. cit.Google Scholar

70 Brocklehurst, op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.

71 Brocklehurst, op. cit.

72 Nuy et al., op. cit.

73 SIG, op. cit.

74 Nies, unpublished data; Nies, , 1989, op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.; Van Tulder and Zwier, op. cit.Google Scholar

75 Nies, , 1989, op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.; Van Tulder and Zwier, op. cit.Google Scholar

76 Hildick-Smith, op. cit.

77 Gilleard, C. J., Gilleard, E. and Whittick, J. E., Impact of psychogeriatric day hospital care on the patient's family. British Journal of Psychiatry, 145 (1984), 487–92;CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMedGreene, J. G. and Timbury, G. C., A geriatric psychiatry day hospital service: a five year review. Age and Ageing, 8 (1979), 49–53; SIG, op. cit.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

78 Norman, A., Mental illness in Old Age: Meeting the Challenge. Centre for Policy on Ageing, London, 1982; Carter, op. cit.; Hettiaratchy, op. cit.; Gilleard et al., op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.Google Scholar

79 Carter, op. cit.

80 Tester, op. cit.; Tuffnell et al., op. cit.

81 Carter, op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.; Tuffnell et al., op. cit.

82 Nuijens, , 1988 a, b, op. cit.Google Scholar

83 Nies, , 1989, op. cit.Google Scholar

84 Brocklehurst, op. cit.; Carter, op. cit.; Farndale, op. cit.; Hildick-Smith, op. cit.; Jongeneel and Leenders, op. cit.; Nies, , 1986, op. cit.;Google ScholarNuijens, , 1988 a, b, op. cit.; Nuy et al., op. cit.; Pahl, op. cit.; Van der Plaats et at., op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.; Ussher, op. cit.Google Scholar

85 Nuy et al., op. cit.

86 Carter, op. cit.; Edwards et al., op. cit.

87 Mandersloot, T. and Hout, A. C. van den, Georganiseerde dagopvang. Leidt beperking tot selectie? Senior, 35 (1990), 196–8; Mandersloot, op. cit.Google Scholar

88 Boerma, L. and Romijn, C., Dagopvang voor Ouderen. Instituut voor Toegepaste Sociale Wetenschappen, Nijmegen, 1990;Google ScholarNies, , 1989, op. cit.; PAW, op. cit.; Redeker et al., op. cit.Google Scholar

89 Donaldson et al., op. cit.

90 Tester, op. cit.

91 Nuijens, , 1988 a, b, op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.Google Scholar

92 Nies, H. L. G. R., Dagopvang en dagverzorging temidden van andere voorzieningen voor ouderen. In Goedhard, W. J. A. and Knook, D. L. (eds), Geriatric Informatorium. Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum, Houten, 1991 (in press).Google Scholar

93 Plaats, A. van der, De professionele zorgverlening voor langdurig zieke en invalide ouderen. In Nies, H., Nuijens, J. M., Vis, D. and Wimmers, M. (eds), Contouren van het Ouder Worden. Van Loghum Slaterus, 1990, pp. 75–96.Google Scholar

94 Brocklehurst, op. cit.; Carter, op. cit.; Farndale, op. cit.; Hildick-Smith, op. cit.; Jongeneel and Leenders, op. cit.; Nies, , 1986, op. cit.; Nuy et al., op. cit.;Google ScholarNuijens, , 1988 a, b, op. cit.; Pahl, op. cit.; van der Plaats et al., op. cit.; Tester, op. cit.; Ussher, op. cit.Google Scholar

95 Nuijens, , 1989, op. cit.Google Scholar

96 Tester, op. cit.