Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T10:07:06.608Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Minimalist State and Donor Landscapes: Livelihood Security in Mali during and after the 2012–2013 Coup and Rebellion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 April 2017

William G. Moseley
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract:

Mali’s 2012 coup d’état and subsequent rebellion created much hardship for those living in the northern and southern parts of the country. This article explores the changes that occurred during the period of uncertainty in the country, the role of the minimalist state, and the implications of these conditions for future development initiatives. The way in which Mali muddled through the 2012–2013 period has left two distinct aid landscapes: a heavily militarized northern region where aid from donors is focused on antiterrorism, and a southern zone of free-market intervention facilitated by donors.

Résumé:

Le coup d’État du Mali 2012 et la rébellion qui a suivi ont créé beaucoup de difficultés pour ceux qui vivent dans le nord et le sud du pays. Cet article explore les changements survenus au cours de la période d’incertitude dans le pays, le rôle de l’État minimaliste et les implications de ces conditions pour les futures initiatives de développement. La façon dont le Mali c’est tiré d’affaire durant la période 2012–2013 a laissé deux paysages d’aide distincts: une région nord fortement militarisée où l’aide des donneurs est axée sur l’antiterrorisme et une zone sud de libre marché subventionnée par d’autres donneurs.

Keywords

Food securitygovernancerural livelihoodspolitical insecurityMali
Type
ASR FORUM ON MALI
Information
African Studies Review , Volume 60 , Issue 1 , April 2017 , pp. 37 - 51
Copyright
Copyright © African Studies Association 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agritrade. 2012. “USDA Review of Cotton Sector Developments in West Africa.” August 12. http://agritrade.cta.int.Google Scholar
Allegrozzi, Ilaria, and Ford, Elise. 2013. Piecing Together the Jigsaw: Prospects for Improved Social Relations after the Armed Conflict in Northern Mali. Oxfam Research Report. www.oxfam.org.Google Scholar
Annan, Nancy. 2014. “Violent Conflicts and Civil Strife in West Africa: Causes, Challenges and Prospects.” Stability: International Journal of Security and Development 3 (1): 1–16.Google Scholar
Becker, Laurence. 1996. “Access to Labor in Rural Mali.” Human Organization 55 (3): 279–88.Google Scholar
Benjaminsen, Tor A. 1997. “Natural Resource Management, Paradigm Shifts, and the Decentralization Reform in Mali.” Human Ecology 25 (1): 121–43.Google Scholar
Benjaminsen, Tor A. 2008. “Does Supply-Induced Scarcity Drive Violent Conflicts in the African Sahel? The Case of the Tuareg Rebellion in Northern Mali.” Journal of Peace Research 45: 819.Google Scholar
Bergamaschi, Isaline. 2009. “Mali: Patterns and Limits of Donor-Driven Ownership.” In The Politics of Aid: African Strategies for Dealing with Donors, edited by Whitfield, L., 217–45. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 2015a. “Mali Signs UN Ceasefire to End Conflict with Northern Rebels.” February 20. www.bbc.com.Google Scholar
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 2015b. “Mali’s Tuareg Rebels Sign Peace Deal.” June 20. www.bbc.com.Google Scholar
de Bruijn, M. E., and van Dijk, J. W. M.. 2003. “Resistance to Fulbe Hegemony in Nineteenth-Century West Africa.” In Rethinking Resistance: Revolt and Violence in African History, edited by de Bruijn, M. E., Abbink, J., and van Walraven, K., 43–68. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carr, Edward. 2011. Delivering Development: Globalization’s Shoreline and the Road to Sustainable Development. New York: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Collier, Paul. 2007. The Bottom Billion. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Coulibaly, Loucoumane. 2015. “Ivory Coast Reinforces Border Security after Mali Attacks.” Reuters News Agency. July 1. http://www.reuters.com.Google Scholar
Davies, Susannah. 1996. Adaptable Livelihoods: Coping with Food Insecurity in the Malian Sahel. New York: St. Martin’s Press.Google Scholar
Diallo, Tiemoko. 2014. “Artisanal Mining Drives Mali Gold Exports Up to 67.4 T in 2013.” Reuters, May 27. www.reuters.com.Google Scholar
Geiger, R., and Wolch, J.. 1986. “A Shadow State? Voluntarism in Metropolitan Los Angeles.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 4: 351–66.Google Scholar
Geo-Jaja, Macleans A., and Mangum, Garth. 2001. “Structural Adjustment as the Inadvertent Enemy of Human Development in Africa.” Journal of Black Studies 32 (1): 30–49.Google Scholar
Fayinke, T., and Sissoko, K.. 2013. “L’Incidence de l’Orpaillage sur la Production Agricole: Etude de cas Dans le Cercle de Kenieba.” Les Cahiers de Mande Bukari 25: 38–48.Google Scholar
Fominyen, George. 2012. “Coming Weeks Critical to Tackle Sahel Hunger? U.N. Humanitarian Chief.” Thomson Reuters, May 24. www.trust.org.Google Scholar
Hilson, G. M. 2006. The Socio-Economic Impacts of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in Developing Countries. Lisse, The Netherlands: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
International Monetary Fund (IMF). 2013. “Mali: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper.” IMF Country Report No. 13/111. Washington, D.C.: IMFGoogle Scholar
Jeune Afrique Economie. 1998. “La filière cotonnière est le clé du développement du Mali.” Interview with M. Drissa Keita. Jeune Afrique Economie 1265, June 1–14.Google Scholar
Keeley, James, and Scoones, Ian. 2003. Understanding Environmental Policy Processes: Cases From Africa. London: Earthscan.Google Scholar
Kimenyi, Mwangi, et al. 2014. “The Impact of Conflict and Political Instability on Agricultural Investments in Mali and Nigeria.” Africa Growth Initiative at the Brookings Institution. Working Paper 17. www.brookings.edu.Google Scholar
Little, Peter. 2003. Somalia: Economy without a State. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Loewenson, Rene. 1993. “Structural Adjustment and Health Policy in Africa.” International Journal of Health Services 23 (4): 717–30.Google Scholar
Maconachie, Roy, and Hilson, Gavin 2011. “Safeguarding Livelihoods or Exacerbating Poverty? Artisanal Mining and Formalization in West Africa.” Natural Resources Forum 35 (4): 293–303.Google Scholar
Miles, William F. S. 2012. “Deploying Development to Counter-Terrorism: Post 9/11 Transformation of U.S. Foreign Aid to Africa.” African Studies Review 55 (3): 27–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miraftab, F. 2004. “Public–Private Partnerships: The Trojan Horse of Neoliberal Development?” Journal of Planning Education and Research 24 (1): 89–101.Google Scholar
Moorehead, Richard. 1991. Structural Chaos: Community and State Management of Common Property in Mali. Ph D. diss., Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex.Google Scholar
Moseley, William G. 2008. “Mali’s Cotton Conundrum: Commodity Production and Development on the Periphery.” In Hanging by a Thread: Cotton, Globalization and Poverty in Africa, edited by Moseley, W. G. and Gray, L. C., 83–102. Athens: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
Moseley, William G. 2009. “Stop the Blanket Militarization of Humanitarian Aid.” Foreign Policy, July 31.Google Scholar
Moseley, William G. 2013a. “Recovering from Livelihood Insecurity and Political Instability in Northern Mali: Bouncing Back.” International Journal: Canada’s Journal of Global Policy Analysis 63 (3): 435–43.Google Scholar
Moseley, William G. 2013b. “Azawad: A Problematic African Ethnic Territory.” Hot Spots (Cultural Anthropology) website, June 10. https://culanth.org.Google Scholar
Moseley, William G. 2014. “Artisanal Gold Mining’s Curse on West African Farming.” Al Jazeera English. July 9. www.aljazeera.com.Google Scholar
Moseley, William G., Carney, Judith, and Becker, Laurence. 2010. “Neoliberal Policy, Rural Livelihoods and Urban Food Security in West Africa: A Comparative Study of The Gambia, Côte d’Ivoire and Mali.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107 (13) 5774–79.Google Scholar
Moseley, William G., Earl, Julia A., and Diarra, Lassine. 2002. “La decentralization et les conflits entre agriculteurs et éleveurs dans le delta intérieur du Niger.” In La Gestion Intégrée des Ressources Naturelles en Zones Inondables Tropicales, edited by Orange, D. et al., 101–18. Paris: IRD.Google Scholar
Moseley, William G., Schnurr, Matthew, and Kerr, Rachel Bezner. 2015. “Interrogating the Technocratic (Neoliberal) Agenda for Agricultural Development and Hunger Alleviation in Africa.” African Geographical Review 34 (1): 1–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peterson, Brian J. 2008. “History, Memory and the Legacy of Samori in Southern Mali, c. 1880–1898.” The Journal of African History 49 (2): 261–79.Google Scholar
Radio France Internationale. 2015. “Mali: Belmokhtar Jihadist Group Claims Mali Restaurant Attack as Revenge on France and West.” March 8. http://allafrica.com.Google Scholar
Reuters. 2015. “Mali Targets 800,000 T Cotton per Year by 2018 after Output Jump.” January 23. http://af.reuters.com.Google Scholar
Roberts, Susan. 2014. “Development Capital: USAID and the Rise of Development Contractors.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 104 (5): 1030–51.Google Scholar
Samatar, Ahmed, and Samatar, Abdi I.. 2002. The African State: Reconsiderations. Portsmouth, N.H.: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Short, M., and Sidibe, Y.. 2014. “Timbuktu: Final Evaluation Report (Timbuktu Food Security Program–TFSI/MYAP).” Africare and USAID, January 17.Google Scholar
Smith, Alex Duvall. 2014. “Mali Flies into International Storm over Purchase of $40m Presidential Jet.” The Guardian, May 16. www.theguardian.com.Google Scholar
Teschner, Benjamin A. 2014. “‘Orpaillage Pays for Everything’: How Artisanal Mining Supported Rural Institutions following Mali’s Coup D’état.” Futures 62A: 140–50.Google Scholar
Trudeau, Daniel. 2008. “Towards a Relational View of the Shadow State.” Political Geography 27 (6): 669–90.Google Scholar
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). 2013. “Mali: Humanitarian Snapshot.” May 8. http://idmcnrc.files.wordpress.com.Google Scholar
Watts, Michael. 1983. Silent Violence: Food, Famine and Peasantry in Northern Nigeria. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Whitehouse, Bruce. 2012. “The Force of Action: Legitimizing the Coup in Bamako, Mali.” Africa Spectrum 2–3: 93–110.Google Scholar
Whitehouse, Bruce. 2015. “What Mali’s Recent Past Reveals about Its Present Woes, Part 1: The Road to Nongovernmentality.” Bridges from Bamako Blog, March 18. http://bridgesfrombamako.com.Google Scholar
Wilson-Fall, Wendy. 2000. “Conflict Prevention and Resolution among the Fulbe.” In Traditional Cures for Modern Conflicts: African Conflict “Medicine,” edited by Zartman, W., 49–66. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
Wroblewska, Anna. 2015. “Mali’s Cotton Industry: Come Rain or Come Shine.” AFK Insider, February 16. http://afkinsider.com.Google Scholar