Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T12:43:57.262Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Key Variables to Incorporate in a Model for Development: The African Case

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 May 2014

Ann Seidman
Ann Seidman*
Affiliation:
Department of Economics, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Since attaining independence nearly every African government has initiated a national planning exercise founded on the recognition that the technological imperatives of specialization and exchange essential for modern development require large markets, large capital investments, a broad range of natural resources, and the training of skilled manpower—all of which require mobilization of resources at least on a national level. Plans limited to allocating resources merely on a village or even on a regional level would be incapable of contributing to significant increases of productivity because such small units lack these essential prerequisites. However, the record of national planning in Africa has not been very successful in contributing to significant development (Waterston 1965). This is particularly true if development is defined—as it will be throughout this article—as increasing productivity in all sectors of the economy accompanied by raising the levels of living of the broadest masses of the population.

The somewhat dismal record of national plans underscores the realization voiced by more and more development theorists: development cannot be attained merely by transplanting to Africa the refined planning techniques devised to allocate resources in developed countries such as input-output tables, linear programming, or macro-economic models based on assumed capital-output ratios. This is true in part because the lack of adequate data requires that many of the essential coefficients must simply be “invented,” which, over time is likely to lead to results seriously deviating from planned goals (Lewis 1966, especially pp. 15, 20-21).

Type
Research Article
Information
African Studies Review , Volume 17 , Issue 1 , April 1974 , pp. 105 - 121
Copyright
Copyright © African Studies Association 1974

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES CITED

Aboyade, O. “A Note on External Trade, Capital Distortion and Planned Development.” In Stewart, I. G. and Ord, H., eds. African Primary Products and International Trade. Papers delivered at an international seminar at the University of Edinburgh. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press, 1965.Google Scholar
Arrighi, G. “International Corporations and the Labour Aristocracy and Economic Development.” In Horwitz, , ed. The Corporation and the Cold War. London: Blond, forthcoming.Google Scholar
Baer, Werner. “The Economics of Prebisch and ECLA.” Economic Development and Cultural Change, X, 2 (January 1962), 169–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, W. J. The Economy of British Central Africa: A Case Study of Economic Development in a Dualistic Society. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1961.Google Scholar
Bauer, P. T. West African Trade: A Study of Competition, Oligopoly and Monopoly in a Changing Economy. Revised. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1963.Google Scholar
Bauer, P. T. In Foreword to Szereszewski, R.. Structural Changes in the Economy of Ghana, 1891-1911. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1965.Google Scholar
Berg, E. “French West Africa.” In Galenson, , ed. Labour and Economic Development. New York, 1959.Google Scholar
Black, I. D. F. Design for Decision. New York: Free Press, 1953.Google Scholar
Black, M. Models and Metaphors: Studies in Language and Philosophy. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1962.Google Scholar
Bloomfield, A. I. “Monetary Policy in Underdeveloped Countries.” In Morgan, Theodore, Betz, George W., and Choudry, N. K., eds. Readings in Economic Development. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing, 1963. Pp. 375–384.Google Scholar
Bronfenbrenner, M. “The High Cost of Economic Development.” Land Economics (August 1953).Google Scholar
Carney, D. E. Government and Economy in British West Africa: A Study of the Role of Public Agencies in the Economic Development of British West Africa in the Period 1947-1955. New York: Bookman Associates, 1961.Google Scholar
Church, R. J. H. “Some Problems of Regional Economic Development in West Africa.” Economic Geography, XLV (January 1969), 53–62.Google Scholar
Clayton, E. Economic Planning in Developing Agriculture. London: Heddley Bors, 1963.Google Scholar
Dahl, R. A. and Lindblom, C. E.. Politics, Economics and Welfare. New York: Harper, 1953.Google Scholar
Dorner, P. “Research Issues in Agricultural Developmental Policy.” Submitted for journal publication, Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Elkan, W. Migrants and Proletarian Urban Labour in the Economic Development of Uganda. London: Oxford University Press, 1960.Google Scholar
Ellsworth, P. T. “Factors in the Economic Development of Ceylon.” In Morgan, Theodore, Betz, George W., and Choudry, N. K., eds. Readings in Economic Development. Belmont, California: Wadsworth, 1963. Pp. 14–22.Google Scholar
Forrester, N. W. Kenya Today. The Hague, 1962.Google Scholar
France, Republic of. Jeanneney Report. Paris, 1963.Google Scholar
Ghai, D. “Some Aspects of Income Distribution in East Africa.” Nairobi: Institute of Development Studies, November 24, 1964. Mimeo.Google Scholar
Green, Reginald H. and Seidman, Ann. Unity or Poverty? The Economics of Pan-Africanism. Harmondsworth: Penguin African Library, 1968.Google Scholar
Gullet, R., Caldwan, K., and Dina, L.. Nigerian Cocoa Farmers. London: Oxford University Press, 1956.Google Scholar
Hacker, A. “The Making of a (Corporation) President.” New York Times Magazine (April 1967).Google Scholar
Hagen, E. E. On the Theory of Social Change: How Economic Growth Began. A Study from the Center for International Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Homewood, Illinois: Dorsey Press, 1962.Google Scholar
Hakam, A. N. “The Motivation to Invest and the Locational Pattern of Foreign Private Industrial Investments in Nigeria.” Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies, Vol. VIII, No. 1 (March 1966).Google Scholar
Hall, R. Zambia. London: Pall Mall Press, 1965.Google Scholar
Harris, M. “Portugal's African Wards.” American Cammittee on Africa, 1960.Google Scholar
Homans, G. C. “Contemporary Theory in Sociology.” In Faris, , ed. Handbook of Modern Sociology. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1964. Pp. 951–977.Google Scholar
Hoselitz, B. F. “Unity and Diversity in Economic Structure.” In Hoselitz, B. F., ed. Economics and the Idea of Mankind. New York: Columbia University Press, 1965.Google Scholar
Hunter, G. The New Societies of Tropical Africa: A Selective Study. New York: Oxford University Press, 1963.Google Scholar
International Monetary Fund. Annual Report. Washington, 1963.Google Scholar
Johnston, D. “Change in Agricultural Productivity.” In Harwitz, M. and Herskovits, M. J., eds. Economic Transition in Africa. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1968.Google Scholar
Jones, W. O. “Economic Man in Africa.” Food Research Institute Studies (May 1960).Google Scholar
Kamarck, A. M. The Economics of African Development. New York: Praeger, 1966.Google Scholar
Leff, N. H. “Economic Development Through Bureaucratic Corruption.” American Behavioral Scientist (November 1964).Google Scholar
Lenski, G. Power and Privilege: A Theory of Social Stratification. New York: McGraw Hill, 1966.Google Scholar
Lewis, W. A. “Unemployment in Developing Countries.” Lecture to Mideast Research Conference, October 1964. University of Wisconsin Library, mimeo.Google Scholar
Lewis, W. A. Development Planning: The Essentials of Economic Policy. New York: Harper and Row, 1966.Google Scholar
Lipset, S. M. Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics. New York: Doubleday, 1960.Google Scholar
Livingstone, I. S. “Marketing Crops in Uganda and Tanganyika.” In Bohannan, Paul and Dalton, George, eds. Markets in Africa. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1962.Google Scholar
McClelland, D. Achieving Society. Princeton, New Jersey: Van Nostrand, 1961.Google Scholar
Marcus, E. and Marcus, M. R.. Investment and Development Possibilities in Tropical Africa. New York: Bookman Associates, 1960.Google Scholar
Martin, A. Marketing of Minor Crops in Uganda. London: HMSO, 1963.Google Scholar
Mayo, L. H. and Jones, E. M.. “Legal Policy Decision Process: Alternative Thinking and the Predictive Functions.” George Washington Law Review, XXXIII (1964-1965), 318–458.Google Scholar
Morgan, T. “The Theory of Error in Centrally-Directed Economic Systems.” Quarterly Journal of Economics (August 1964).Google Scholar
Neumark, S. Daniel. Foreign Trade and Economic Development in Africa: An Historical Perspective. Foor Research Institute Miscellaneous Series No. 14. Stanford, California: Food Research Institute, Stanford University, 1964.Google Scholar
Newlyn, Walter T. and Rowan, D. C.. Money and Banking in British Colonial Africa. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1954.Google Scholar
Ranis, G. “International Trade and Its Relation to National Development Planning.” Madison: University of Wisconsin Library, n.d. Mimeo.Google Scholar
Riley, M. W. Sociological Research, I: A Case Approach. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1963.Google Scholar
Seers, Dudley. “A Theory of Growth and Inflation Based on Latin American Experience.” Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. XIV, No. 2 (June 1962).Google Scholar
Seidman, Ann. “Foreign Firms in Africa: Old Goals, New Methods.” African Perspectives Papers in the History, Politics and Economics of Africa (presented to Thomas Hodgrin). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970a.Google Scholar
Seidman, Ann. Ghana's Development Experience, 1951-1965. Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1970b.Google Scholar
Seidman, Ann. Comparative Development Strategies in East Africa. Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1972.Google Scholar
Seidman, R. B. “The Jural Postulates of African Law.” Paper presented to the African Studies Association Meeting, Boston, October 1970.Google Scholar
Skinner, E. P. “Labour Migration Among the Mossi of the Upper Volta.” In Kuper, H., ed. Urbanization and Migration in West Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1965.Google Scholar
Tanzer, M. The Political Economy of International Oil and the Underdeveloped Countries. Boston: Beacon Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Thompson, W. and Adloff, R.. French West Africa. London: Allen and Unwin, 1958.Google Scholar
Thompson, W. and Adloff, R.. The Emerging States of French Equatorial Africa. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1960.Google Scholar
United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. U.N. Economic Survey of Africa Since 1950. New York, 1960.Google Scholar
United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa. Industrial Growth in Africa: A Survey and Outlook. E/CN.14/LNR/l. December 1962.Google Scholar
United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa. “Current Trends.” Economic Bulletin for Africa, Vol. IV, No. 1.Google Scholar
Waterston, A. Development Planning: Lessons of Experience. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press for the Economic Development Institute, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 1965.Google Scholar
Watson, A. and Dirlan, J. B.. “The Impact of Underdevelopment on Economic Planning.” Quarterly Journal of Economics (May 1965).Google Scholar
Wrigley, C. C. “African Farming in Buganda.” Uganda: East African Institute of Social Science Conference, 1953.Google Scholar