Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-31T14:21:46.873Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ideology, Political Religion, and Modernization: Some Theoretical and Empirical Explorations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 May 2014

L. Adele Jinadu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

My purpose in doing this paper is two-fold. First, I will offer a textual analytical critique of Apter's (1964, 1965, 1968) theoretical speculations on the links between ideology and political religion on the one hand and ideology and modernization on the other. In doing so, I shall put forward my own views concerning the role of ideology in the modernization process. Second, I will examine the uses of ideology in Tanzania in the light of my own theoretical speculations on the links between ideology and modernization. I propose the thesis that ideology, political religion, and modernization are concerned and connected with the management of culture and culture change.

Apter's concern with the theoretical examination of the links between ideology and modernization in Africa has resulted, as some have claimed (Nellis, 1972: 39), in the generation of a number of thought-provoking hypotheses about the modernization process. Apter writes with a facility that is arresting and stimulating. Yet my argument is that, although much is perceptive and clear in his discussion of the role of ideology and political religion in the modernization process, perhaps much more is vague and obscure. Broad generalizations are offered as if they had universal validity, and models are set up as if they were mutually exclusive of one another.

Type
Research Article
Information
African Studies Review , Volume 19 , Issue 1 , April 1976 , pp. 119 - 138
Copyright
Copyright © African Studies Association 1976

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ake, C. (1972) “Tanzania: The Progress of a Decade.” The African Review 2, 1 (June): 56–64.Google Scholar
Apter, D. (1955) The Gold Coast in Transition. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Apter, D. (1961) The Political Kingdom in Uganda. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Apter, D. (1965) The Politics of Modernization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Apter, D. (1968) Some Conceptual Approaches to the Study of Modernization. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Apter, D. (1971) Choice and Allocation. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Aron, R. (1967) “Can the Party Alone Run a One-Party State?” Government and Opposition 2 (February): 165–71.Google Scholar
Bendix, R. (1967) “Tradition and Modernity Reconsidered.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 9: 292–346.Google Scholar
Bendix, R.. (1970) in Belling, W. and Totten, G., Developing Nations: Quest for a Model. New York: Van Nostrand.Google Scholar
Black, C.E. (1966) The Dynamics of Modernization. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Caute, D. (1970) Frantz Fanon. New York: Viking Press.Google Scholar
Chodak, S. (1966) “Social Classes in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Africana Bulletin (Warsaw): 4.Google Scholar
Cliffe, L. (1971) “Tanzania-Socialist Transformation and Party Development.” The African Review 1: 119–35.Google Scholar
Cliffe, L. (1971) “The Policy of Ujamaa Vijijini and Class Struggle in Tanzania.” Rural Africana 13.Google Scholar
Cliffe, L. and Saul, J.S.. (1972) “The District Development Front in Tanzania.” The African Review 2 (June): 65–104.Google Scholar
Cohen, R. (1972) “Class in Africa: Analytical Problems and Perspectives,” in Miliband, R. and Saville, J. (eds.), The Socialist Register. The Merlin Press.Google Scholar
Court, D. (1973) “The Social Function of Formal Schooling in Tanzania.” The African Review 3: 577–93.Google Scholar
Dumont, R. (1969) Tanzania's Agriculture after the Arusha Declaration. Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Economic Affairs and Development Planning.Google Scholar
Eisenstadt, S.N. (1974) “Studies of Modernization and Sociological Theory.” History and Theory 13: 225–52.Google Scholar
Etzioni, A. (1964) Modern Organizations. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Fanon, F. (1968) The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press.Google Scholar
Feldman, D. (1969) “The Economics of Ideology: Some Problems of Achieving Rural Socialism in Tanzania,” in Leys, C. (ed.), Politics and Change in Developing Countries. London: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Finer, S.E. (1970) “Almond's Concept of the ‘Political System’: A Textual Critique.” Government and Opposition 5 (Winter).Google Scholar
Fortes, M. and Evans-Pritchard, E.E.. (1940) African Political Systems. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Geertz, C. (1964) “Ideology as a Cultural System,” in Apter, D. (ed.), Ideology and Discontent. The Free Press.Google Scholar
Gusfield, J.R. (1971) “Tradition and Modernity: Misplaced Polarities in the Study of Social Change,” in Finkle, J.L. and Gable, R.W. (eds.), Political Development and Social Change (2nd edition). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Holt, R.T. and Turner, J.E.. (1966) The Political Basis of Economic Development. New York: Van Nostrand.Google Scholar
Hyden, G. (1968) Political Development in Rural Tanzania: TANU Yajenga Nchi. Munsgaard: Lund.Google Scholar
Jinadu, L.A. (1972) “On the Notion of ‘Deficiency’ in Frantz Fanon.” Paper read at Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association.Google Scholar
Jinadu, L.A. (1973) “Some Comments on Frantz Fanon, the Historiography of African Politics.” Journal of Developing Areas 7 (January).Google Scholar
Kautsky, J. (1972) The Political Consequences of Modernization. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Kopytoff, I. (1961) “Socialism and Traditional African Societies,” in Friedland, W.H. and Rosberg, C.G. (eds.), African Socialism (1964). Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Levy, M. (1952) The Structure of Society. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Lloyd, P.C. (1965) “The Political Structure of African Kingdoms: An Exploratory Model,” in Banton, M. (ed.), Political Systems and the Distribution of Power. London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Lonsdale, J. (1968) “The Tanzanian Experiment.” African Affairs. London (October).Google Scholar
Marcuse, H. (1965) One Dimensional Man. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Markovitz, I.L. (1969) Léopold Sédar Senghor and the Politics of Négritude. New York: Atheneum.Google Scholar
Mohiddin, A. (1968) “Ujamaa: A Commentary on Nyerere's Vision of Tanzanian Society.” African Affairs. London (April).Google Scholar
Musoke, I.K.S. (1971) “Building Socialism in Bukoba: The Establishment of Rugazi Ujamaa Village,” in Procter, J.H. (ed.), Building Ujamaa Village in Tanzania. Tanzanian Publishing House.Google Scholar
Nellis, J. (1972) A Theory of Ideology: The Tanzanian Experience. Nairobi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Nyerere, J. (1961) “Ujamaa: The Basis of African Socialism,” in Friedland, W.H. and Rosberg, C.J. (eds.), African Socialism. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Owusu, M. (1970) Uses and Abuses of Political Power: A Case Study of Continuity and Change in the Politics of Ghana. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Parker, I. (1972) “Ideological and Economic Development in Tanzania.” African Studies Review (April).Google Scholar
Plamenatz, J.P. (1963) Man and Society, volume 1. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Plamenatz, J.P.. (1970) Ideology. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Riggs, F.W. (1968) “Political Aspects of Developmental Change,” in Gallaher, A. (ed.), Perspectives in Developmental Change. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.Google Scholar
Rudolph, L. and Rudolph, S.. (1967) The Modernity of Tradition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Saul, J.S. (1969) “Africa,” in Ionescu, B. and Gellner, E., Populism: Its Meanings and National Character. Weindefeld and Nicolson.Google Scholar
Saul, J.S.. (1973) “Who is the Immediate Enemy?” In The Silent Class Struggle. Tanzanian Publishing House.Google Scholar
Schurmann, F. (1966) Ideology and Organization in Communist China. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Shivi, I. (1973) The Silent Class Struggle. Tanzanian Publishing House.Google Scholar
Talmon, J.L. (1952) The Rise of Totalitarian Democracy. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Tipps, D.C. (1973) “Modernization Theory and the Study of National Societies: A Critical Perspective.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 15 (March): 199:226.Google Scholar