Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-03T13:03:10.507Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nigeria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 May 2014

Sakah Saidu Mahmud
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract:

The recent (2000) reenactment of the Shari'a legal code in twelve states of Northern Nigeria and the other expressions of Islam in public affairs in the region have been preceded by a long history that should also be understood as determined by the social and political conditions of specific stages in the evolution of the Nigerian social formation. This article attempts to explain Islamism in the region through such factors as Islamic identity for many Muslims, the competition over interpretation and representation of Islam, the nature of the Nigerian state and society, Muslim organizations and leadership, as well as the activities of other religious organizations (especially Christian evangelicals). In this regard, Islamism is driven essentially by internal (Nigerian) forces, even though external forces may have had an effect. The article argues that while Islamism poses major challenges to the Nigerian state and society, it has also exposed itself to challenges from both Muslims and Nigerian society as a whole.

Résumé:

Résumé:

L'adoption récente (en 2000) du code légal de la Shari'a dans les douze états du nord du Nigeria et les différentes facettes de l'intégration de l'Islam aux affaires publiques de la région représentent un parcours à longue haleine dont il faut comprendre qu'il a été déterminé par les conditions sociales et politiques des étapes spécifiques de l'évolution de la société du Nigeria. Cet article essaie d'expliquer l'islamisme dans la région par le biais de facteurs tels que l'identité islamique pour de nombreux musulmans, la compétition existant pour l'interprétation et la représentation de l'Islam, la nature de l'état et de la société du Nigeria, les organisations et les dirigeants musulmans, ainsi que les activités des autres organisations religieuses, notamment le mouvement évangélique chrétien. À ce niveau, l'islamisme serait plutôt entraîné par des forces internes (originaires du Nigeria), même si des forces externes ont une certaine influence. L'article discute du fait que même si l'islamisme pose des défis importants à l'état et la société du Nigeria, il s'est aussi exposé à des challenges émanant à la fois des musulmans et de la société nigérienne dans son ensemble.

Type
ASR Focus: Islamism in West Africa
Information
African Studies Review , Volume 47 , Issue 2 , September 2004 , pp. 83 - 95
Copyright
Copyright © African Studies Association 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Birai, Umar M. 1993. “Islamic Tajdid and the Political Process in Nigeria.” In Marty, Martin E. and Appleby, R. Scott, eds., Fundamentalism and the State. Vol. 3: The Fundamentalism Project, 184–203. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Bugaje, Usman Muhammad. 1991. “The Tradition of Tajdid in the Western Bilad al-Sudan: A Study of the Genesis, Development and Patterns of Islamic Revivalism in the Region, 900–1900.” Ph. D. diss., The University of Khartoum, Sudan.Google Scholar
Christelow, Allan. 1987. “Three Islamic Voices in Contemporary Nigeria.” In Roff, William R., ed., Islam and the Political Economy of Meaning, 226–53. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Clarke, Peter B. 1987. “The Maitatsine Movement in Northern Nigeria in Historical and Current Perspective.” In Hackett, Rosalind I. J., ed., New Religious Movements in Nigeria, 93–115. Lewiston, N.Y.: The Edwin Mellen Press.Google Scholar
Crowder, Michael. 1978. The Story of Nigeria. London: Faber and Faber.Google Scholar
Dudley, B.J. 1968. Parties and Politics in Northern Nigeria. London: Frank Cass.Google Scholar
Esposito, John L. 1994. “Political Islam: Beyond the Green Menace.” Current History, 01.Google Scholar
Esposito, John L. 1995. The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality? New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Esposito, John L. 1998. Islam: The Straight Path. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Falola, Toyin. 1998. Violence in Nigeria: The Crisis of Religious Politics and Secular Ideologies. Rochester, N.Y: University of Rochester Press.Google Scholar
Freedom House. 2002. The Talibanization of Nigeria: Shari'a Law and Religious Freedom. Washington, D.C.: Center for Religious Freedom.Google Scholar
Fuller, Graham, 1999. “Is Islamism a Threat? A Debate.” Middle East Quarterly 6 (4).Google Scholar
Gumi, Abubakar Mahmud. 1994. Where I Stand. Ibadan, Nigeria: Spectrum Books.Google Scholar
Hackett, Rosalind I. J., ed. New Religious Movements in Nigeria. Lewiston, N.Y: The Edwin Mellen Press.Google Scholar
Hickey, Raymond. 1984. “The 1982 Maitatsine Uprisings in Nigeria: A Note.” African Affairs 83: 251–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hiskett, Mervyn. 1987. “The Maitatsine Riots in Kano, 1980: An Assessment.” Journal of Religion in Africa 17 (3): 209–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunwick, John. 1992. “An African Case Study of Political Islam: Nigeria.” ANNALS, AAPSS 524 (11): 143–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imam, Ayesha. 2002. “Acceptance Speech.” John Humphrey Freedom Award. <www.religiousconsultation.org>..>Google Scholar
Isichei, Elizabeth. 1987. “The Maitatsine Risings in Nigeria 1980–85: A Revolt of the Disinherited.” Journal of Religion in Africa 17 (3): 194–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kane, Ousmane. 1994. “Izala: The Rise of Muslim Reformism in Northern Nigeria.” In Marty, Martin E. and Appleby, R. Scott, eds. Accounting for Fundamentalisms. Vol. 4: The Fundamentalism Project, 490–512. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kastfelt, Niels. 1989. “Rumours of the Maitatsine: A Note on Political Culture in Northern Nigeria.” African Affairs 88: 83–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kenny, Joseph O. P. 1996. “Shari'a and Christianity in Nigeria: Islam and a ‘Secular’ State.” Journal of Religion in Africa 26 (4): 338–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kjeilen, Tore. 1996–2004. “Islamism.” Encyclopedia of the Orient. LexicOrient. (<http://i-cias.com/e.o/islamism.htm>.)Google Scholar
Kukah, Matthew Hassan. 1993. Religion, Politics and Power in Northern Nigeria. Ibadan: Spectrum Books.Google Scholar
Loimeier, Roman. 1992. “The Dynamics of Religious Unrest in Northern Nigeria.” Afrika Spectrum 1: 59–80.Google Scholar
Loimeier, Roman. 1997. “Islamic Reform and Political Change: The Example of Abubakar Gumi and the Yan Izala Movement in Northern Nigeria.” In Westerlund, and Rosander, , ed., African Islam and Islam in Africa: Encounter between Sufis and Islamists, 286–307. Athens: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
Lubeck, Paul M. 1985. “Islamic Protest under Semi-Industrial Capitalism: ‘Yan Tatsine' Explained.” Africa (Manchester) 55 (4): 368–89.Google Scholar
Maier, Karl. 2000. This House Has Fallen: Nigeria in Crisis. London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Marty, Martin E., and Appleby, R. Scott, eds. 1993. Fundamentalisms and the State: Remaking Politics, Economies and Militance. Vol. 3: The Fundamentalism Project. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Miles, William F. 2003. “Shari'a as De-Africanization: Evidence from Hausaland.” Africa Today 50, 1 (spring): 51–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quadiri, Y. A. 1984. “Qadiriyya and Tijaniyya Relations in Nigeria in the 20th Century.” Orita 16 (1): 15–30.Google Scholar
Quadiri, Y. A. 1985. “A Study of the Izala, a Contemporary Anti-Sufi Organization in Nigeria.” Orita 17 (2): 95–108.Google Scholar
Paden, John N. 1973. Religion and Political Culture in Kano. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paden, John N. 1986. Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto: Values and Leadership in Nigeria. London: Hodder and Stoughton.Google Scholar
Peters, Ruud. 2003. Islamic Criminal Law in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Spectrum Books.Google Scholar
Sanusi, Lamido Sanusi. 2001. “Class, Gender and a Political Economy of ‘Shari'a.’” Weekly Trust, 04 6–12.Google Scholar
Sanusi, Lamido Sanusi. 2003. “The Shari'a Debate and the Construction of a ‘Muslim’ Identity in Northern Nigeria.” Daily Trust, 07 22.Google Scholar
Shehu, Emman Usman. 2000. “Shari'a: The Politics of Control,” Post Express, 09 28, 10 5.Google Scholar
Sulaiman, Ibraheem. 2001. “Shari'a Restoration in Nigeria: The Dynamics and the Process.” Paper presented to the International Conference on Shari'a, Commonwealth Institute, London, 04 14.Google Scholar
Tibenderana, Peter Κ 1988. “The Irony of Indirect Rule: Sokoto Emirate, Nigeria, 1903–1944.” African Studies Review 31 (1): 67–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Umar, Muhammad S. 1999. “Sufism and Its Opponents in Nigeria: The Doctrinal and Intellectual Aspects.” In de Jong, Frederick and Radtke, Bernd, eds., Islamic Mysticism Contested: Thirteen Centuries of Controversies and Polemic. Leiden: E.J. Brill.Google Scholar
Umar, Muhammad S. 2001. “Education and Islamic Trends in Northern Nigeria: 1970s-1990s.” Africa Today 48 (2): 127–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Usman, Yusufu Bala. 1979. For the Liberation of Nigeria. London: New Beacon Books.Google Scholar
Usman, Yusufu Bala. 1987. The Manipulation of Religion in Nigeria, 1977–1987. Kaduna: Vanguard Publishers.Google Scholar
Vikor, Knut S. 2000. “Sufi Brotherhoods in Africa.” In Levtzion, Nehemia and Pouwels, Randall, eds., The History of Islam in Africa, 441–76. Athens: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
Westerlund, David. 1997. “Reaction and Action: Accounting for the Rise of Islamism.” In Westerlund, and Rosander, , eds., African Islam and Islam in Africa. Athens: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar