Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T14:39:22.277Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

National Development Policy and Outcomes at the University of Dar es Salaam

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 May 2014

Leslie S. Block
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Education in post-colonial African nations has served as the apparatus for sustaining and accelerating overall development, for increasing political and social awareness, and for providing a cadre of highly trained indigenous manpower to implement, manage, and administer ambitious national development strategies. To understand the process and impact of an educational system, however, one must be cognizant of exogenous forces. From a structuralist frame of reference, Apple (1975) asserts that researchers must examine the power and control external to the educational system, thus making political and economic decisions an integral part of an educational investigation. Scribner (1970) argues that researchers cannot avoid the effects of political demands on the changes in the educational system.

The relationship among educational systems and variables in the social, economic, and political systems in which education exists have been well studied in the comparative education literature (Apple, 1975; Arrighi and Saul, 1973; Dasgupta, 1974; Jolly, 1969; Mazrui, 1978; Morrison, 1976; Simmons, 1974; Simmons and Alexander, 1975). However, the outcomes of the relationship between politics and higher education in post-colonial Africa have not been documented extensively. This paper helps to remedy this deficiency by examining the functional relationship between the national level of leadership in Tanzania and the nation's only university, the University of Dar es Salaam. Julius K. Nyerere, the President of Tanzania since its inception, and the ruling party have attempted to accomplish decolonization, restructure the educational system, and promote rural development

Type
Articles
Information
African Studies Review , Volume 27 , Issue 1 , March 1984 , pp. 97 - 115
Copyright
Copyright © African Studies Association 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahmad, Bashir and Blaug, Mark (eds.). 1973. The Practice of Manpower Forecasting. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Allen, Christopher and Johnson, R. (eds.). 1970. African Perspective. London: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, C. A. 1967. The Social Context of Educational Planning. Paris: UNESCO, HEP.Google Scholar
Apple, Michael W. 1975. “Power and School Knowledge.” The Review of Education 2, 1: 120–36.Google Scholar
Arrighi, Giovanni, and Saul, John S.. 1968. “Socialism and Economic Development in Tropical Africa.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 6, 2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arrighi, Giovanni (eds.). 1973. Essays on the Political Economy of Africa. New York: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar
Ayandele, E. A. 1966. “External Influence on African Society,” in Anene, J. C. and Brown, G. N. (eds.) Africa in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nelson.Google Scholar
Baldwin, George B. 1970. “Brain Drain or Overflow.” Foreign Affairs 48 (January): 358–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barkan, Joel D. 1970. “African University Students and Social Changes: An Analysis of Student Opinion in Ghana, Tanzania, Uganda.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Block, Leslie S. 1982. “National Development and Education in Tanzania: National Leadership Interaction with the University of Dar es Salaam, 1967–1977.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pittsburgh.Google Scholar
Brooke-Smith, Robin. 1978. “The Politics of High-Level Manpower Supply in Tanzania.” Comparative Education 14 (June).Google Scholar
Campbell, R. F. 1968. “The Administrator and Educational Planning.” Address delivered to the Australian National Advisory Committee for UNESCO. Canberra, Australia (September).Google Scholar
Conference of Ministers of Education of African Member States. 1976. Final Report. Paris: UNESCO.Google Scholar
Court, David. 1971. “Schooling Experience and the Making of Citizens: A Study of Tanzanian Secondary Students.” Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University.Google Scholar
Coward, R. T. (ed.). 1977. Planned Educational Change. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Education.Google Scholar
Curie, A. 1973. Education for Liberation. New York: Wiley and Sons, Inc.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, A. 1974. Education, Wealth and Income Distribution. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.Google Scholar
Dumont, Rene. 1969. False Start in Africa. Translated by Ott, Phyllis Nautis. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Dunn, C. Chase. 1975. “The Effects of International Economic Dependence on Development and Inequality: A Gross National Study.” American Sociological Review 40 (December).Google Scholar
Elvin, H. L. 1968. “Educational Planning and National Development.” Address delivered to the Australian National Advisory Committee for UNESCO. Canberra: Australia (September).Google Scholar
Epstein, E. 1978. “The Social Control Thesis and Educational Reform in Dependent Nations.” Theory and Society 5: 225–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fields, Gary S. 1980. “Education and Income Distribution in Developing Countries: A Review of the Literature,” in King, Timothy (ed.) Education and Income. Washington D.C.: World Bank, Staff Working Paper No. 402.Google Scholar
Ghai, Dharam P. 1972. “Society, Education and Development.” East African Journal 9 (May): 116.Google Scholar
Godfrey, E. M. 1970. “The Brain Drain from Low-Income Countries.” Journal of Development Studies 6 (April).Google Scholar
Hinkle, Rodney J. 1970. “Educational Problems and Policies in Post-Independence Tanzania.” Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, New York.Google Scholar
Jolly, A. R. and Colclough, C.. 1972. “African Manpower Plan.” International Labour Review 106, 203.Google Scholar
Jolly, Richard (ed.). 1969. Education in Africa. Nairobi: East African Publishing House.Google Scholar
Kannappan, Subbiat. 1968. “The Brain Drain and Developing Countries.” International Labour Review 98 (July): 1–26.Google Scholar
Kelly, Chester S. 1970. “The Role of an African University as an Instrument for National Development.” Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University.Google Scholar
Kiros, Fassil G., Mushki, Selma J., and Billings, Bradley B.. 1975. Educational Outcomes Measurement in Developing Countries. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University.Google Scholar
Knight, J. B. and Sabot, R. H.. 1980. Why Wages Differ: A Study of Tanzania's Manufacturing Sector. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.Google Scholar
Kondratyer, Vladimir. 1971. “Brain Drain and Developing Countries.” Himalayan Economist 1 (October): 5–11.Google Scholar
Kuhunga, N. A. 1978. The Budget of 1978 Delivered to National Assembly by Minister of National Education. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
Kurtz, Laura S. 1971. “A Critical Analysis of the Relationship between the Goals for Tanzania and Their Implication for Education as Expressed by President Nyerere and the Educational Policies in Tanzania, 1961–1969.” Ph.D. dissertation, New York University.Google Scholar
Layard, R. and Psacharopoulos, G.. 1974. “The Screening Hypothesis and the Social Returns to Education.” Journal of Political Economy 82 (October).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Legum, Colin and Drysdale, John (eds.). 1969. Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey and Documents, 1968–1969, Vol. 1. London: William Chudley and Son, Ltd.Google Scholar
Legum, Colin and Drysdale, John (eds.). 1981. African Contemporary Record: Annual Survey and Documents, 1980–1981, Vol. 13. London: William Chudley and Son, Ltd.Google Scholar
Masland, J. M. 1967. Educational Development in Africa. New York: Education in World Affairs.Google Scholar
Mazrui, A. A. 1978. Political Values and the Educated Class in Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Mgonja, C. Y. 1970. The Bill for an Act to Establish the University of Dar es Salaam, 16 June 1970. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
Mohiddin, A. 1968. “Ujamaa: A Commentary on Nyerere's Vision of Tanzanian Society.” African Affairs (April).Google Scholar
Morrison, David R. 1976. Education and Politics in Africa: The Tanzanian Case. London: Hurst.Google Scholar
Miwingira, A. C. and Pratt, S.. 1967. The Process of Educational Planning in Tanzania. Paris: UNESCO.Google Scholar
Myers, Robert G. 1972. Education and Emigration: Study Abroad and the Migration of Human Resources. New York: McKay.Google Scholar
Nyerere, J. K. 1961. “Ujamaa: Basis of African Socialism,” in W, H. Friedland and Rosberg, C. J. (eds.) African Socialism. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Nyerere, J. K. 1967a. The Arusha Declaration. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
Nyerere, J. K. 1967b. Education for Self-Reliance. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nyerere, J. K. 1967c. Socialism and Rural Development. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
Nyerere, J. K. 1968a. Freedom and Socialism: A Selection from Writings and Speeches, 1965–67. Dar es Salaam: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Nyerere, J. K. 1968b. “The Role of Universities,” in Nyerere, Julius K., Freedom and Socialism. Nairobi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Nyerere, J. K. 1970. Extracts from the Speech in Inauguration as Chancellor of the University of Dar es Salaam 29 August 1970. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
Nyerere, J. K. 1974. Freedom and Development: A Selection from Writings and Speeches, 1968–1973. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Odia, Solomon. 1973. “Rural Education and Training in Tanzania,” in Foster, Philip and Sheffield, James R. (eds.) The World Year Book of Education, 1974: Education and Rural Development. London: Evans Brother.Google Scholar
Popop, J. A. 1975. “Paradigms in Education Inquiry.” Education Theory 25 (Winter).Google Scholar
Pratt, R. Cranford. 1968. “Tanzania Finds Its Own Way.” Round Table 58 (October).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Psachropoulos, George. 1973. Returns to Education. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Psachropoulos, George. 1977. “Schooling, Experience and Earnings: The Case of LDC.” Journal of Development Economics 4 (March).Google Scholar
Sanyal, Bikas C. 1977. Higher Education for Self-Reliance: The Tanzanian Experience. Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning 74.Google Scholar
Scribner, J. D. 1970. “The Politics of Educational Reform: Analysis Political Demands.” Urban Education 4 (January).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simmons, John. 1974. Education, Poverty and Development. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.Google Scholar
Simmons, John and Alexander, L.. 1975. The Determinants of School Achievement in Developing Countries. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.Google Scholar
Tanganyika African National Union. 1974. Proceedings of the National Executive Council Meeting Held at Musoma. November. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
Thomas, Clive Y. 1974. Dependence and Transformation: The Transition to Socialism. New York: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania. 1964. First Five-Year National Economic and Social Development Plan, 1st July 1964–30th June 1969. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania. 1968. Background to the Budget: An Economic Survey, 1968–1969. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania. 1969. Second Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development, 1969–1974, Vol. I–IV. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania. 1970a. The University of Dar es Salaam Act. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania. 1970b. Ministry of National Education Annual Report, 1969. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania. 1971. Annual Manpower Report to the President 1970. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania. 1973. Government Statement on the Report on High-Level Manpower Requirements and Resources in Tanzania, 1962–1969, Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania. 1974. Musoma Directive on University Entry. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania. 1975. Annual Manpower Report to the President, 1974. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania. 1976a. Third Five-Year National Economic and Social Development Plan, 1st July 1976–30th June 1981. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania. 1976b. Annual Manpower Report to the President, 1975. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania. 1977a. Constitution of Chama Cha Mapinduzi. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania. 1977b. Annual Manpower Report to the President, 1976. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer 95.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania. 1978. The Economic Survey, 1977–78. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania. 1980. Haliya Uchumi wa Taifa Katika Mwaka, 1979–80. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania. 1982. Annual Manpower Report to the President, 1977. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
University of Dar es Salaam. 1967 Economic Research Bureau, 1966–67. 1.Google Scholar
University of Dar es Salaam. 1972. A Report on the Activities of the University of Dar es Salaam, 1971–72. Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam University Press: Table 4.Google Scholar
University of Dar es Salaam. 1973. A Report on the Activities of the University of Dar es Salaam, 1972–1973. Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam University Press: Table 4.Google Scholar
University of Dar es Salaam. 1974. A Report on the Activities of the University of Dar es Salaam, 1973–74. Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam University Press: Table 4.Google Scholar
University of Dar es Salaam. 1975. A Report on the Activities of the University of Dar es Salaam, 1974–75. Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam University Press: Table 4.Google Scholar
University of Dar es Salaam. 1976a. A Report on the Activities of the University of Dar es Salaam, 1975–76. Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam University Press: Table 4.Google Scholar
University of Dar es Salaam. 1976b. The Office of Admission, 1975–76. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.Google Scholar
University of Dar es Salaam. 1977. A Report on the Activities of the University of Dar es Salaam, 1976–77. Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam University Press: Table 4.Google Scholar
Van de Laar, A. 1968. “Arusha: Before and After.” East African Journal 5 (November): 18.Google Scholar
Van Hoey, L. F. 1977. “The Nature of African Studies: The Study of Social Complexity,” in Mojekwu, C. C. (eds.) African Society, Culture and Politics. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America.Google Scholar
Woldetsdif, Terrefe. 1973. Tanzania: The Theoretical Framework of Development Self-Reliance and Socialism. Hague: Institute of Social Studies, Occasional Paper No. 29 (February).Google Scholar
Yansane, A. Y. 1980. “Decolonization, Dependence, and Development in Africa: The Theory Revisited,” in Yansane, Aguibou Y. (ed.) Decolonization and Dependence. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar