The migration of highly skilled or qualified personnel in large numbers has a long history. It can be traced back to the era of the Greek philosophers and has continued up to the 21st century, with the technocrats who have transferred their skills across geographic boundaries. Economic opportunities, political change, cultural interests, and global capitalism have narrowed boundaries, bridging hitherto separate worlds. Intellectual migration around the globe has indeed become common. Trends indicate continued migration, calling for more inquiries into the phenomenon. Those interested must ask not only why migration occurs, but also how it occurs and who participates in it.
1. Johnson, Harry, “The Internationalist Perspective,” in The Brian Drain, ed. Adams, Walter (New York, US: Macmillan, 1968), 92–108 Google Scholar.
2. Pantinkin, Don, “The Nationalist Perspective,” in The Brian Drain, ed. Walter, Adams (New York, US: Macmillan, 1968), 69–91 Google Scholar.
3. Abelson, Phillip, “New Centers of Excellence,” Science 150(1965): 11 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed.
4. Carrington, W.J. and Detragiache, E., “How Extensive Is the Brain Drain?” Finance and Development 36, no. 2 (June 1999): 46–49 Google Scholar.
5. Adams, Walter, ed., The Brain Drain (New York, US: Macmillan, 1968)Google Scholar.
6. Kabra, K.N., Political Economy of Brain Drain: Reverse Transfer of Technology (New Delhi: Arnold-Heinemann, 1976): 16 Google Scholar.
7. X. Cao, “Debating ‘Brain Drain’ in the Context of Globalization,” Finance and Development (June 1999): 46-49.
8. Waters, Malcolm, Globalization (New York, US: Routledge, 1995)Google Scholar.
9. Skelly, Andrew, The Medical Post, 35, no. 19 (May 18, 1999)Google Scholar; available at http://www.medicalpost.com.