Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T20:40:12.666Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

African Education in Zimbabwe: The Colonial Inheritance of the New State, 1899–1979

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2021

Extract

Historially two salient features characterized the educational system. It was racially segregated and education for the African majority was largely for exploitation. In this paper, I will review the main features of the educational system in colonial Zimbabwe; the legacy of that system and what the new African Government proposes to do to change it to fit the needs of the new Zimbabwe. The 1899 Education Ordinance had set up two separate systems of education, one for Whites and the other for Blacks. The Ordinance left African education entirely in the hands of Christian missionaries with the government giving small grants to mission schools, provided that these schools were kept open for a minimum of four hours a day, of which not less than two hours were to be devoted to industrial training.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © African Studies Association 1981 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Notes

1. Moyana, Tafirenyika, “Creating An African Middle Class: The Political Economy of Education and Exploitation in Zimbabwe,” Journal of Southern African Affairs, College Park, University of Maryland, IV: 3, July 1979, pp. 327-31Google Scholar.

2. Murphree, M. W., Cheater, G., Dorsey, B. J., and Mothobi, B. D., Education, Race, and Employment in Rhodesia, Salisbury, Association of Round Tables in Central Africa, 1975, p. 39 Google Scholar.

3. O’Callaghan, Marion, Southern Rhodesia, Paris, UNESCO, 1977, pp. 16, 98-99Google Scholar.

4. Parker, Franklin, African Development and Education in Southern Rhodesia, Columbus, Ohio State University Press, 1960, pp. 7374 Google Scholar.

5. Bull, Theodore (ed.), Rhodesia: Crisis in Color, Chicago, Quadrangle Books, 1967, p. 70 Google Scholar.

6. Mlambo, Eshmael, Rhodesia: the Struggle for a Birthright, London, C. Hurst and Company, 1972, p. 78 Google Scholar.

7. Gray, Richard, The Two Nations, Oxford, 1960, p. 101 Google Scholar.

8. Leys, Colin, European Politics in Southern Rhodesia, Oxford, 1959, p. 30 Google Scholar.

9. Report of the Southern Rhodesia Education Commission, 1962, Salisbury, 1963, p. 26.

10. Ibid., p. 28.

11. Director of Native Education, 1957, pp. 17-21; Report of the Southern Rhodesia Education Commission 1962, Salisbury, 1963, p. 79.

12. Weinrich, A. K., Black and White Elites in Rural Rhodesia, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1973, p. 27 Google Scholar.

13. Weiner, Lester K., “African Education in Rhodesia since U.D.I.,” in Africa Today 14:2, 1967, p. 14 Google Scholar.

14. Atkinson, Norman, Teaching Rhodesians, London, Longmans, 1972, p. 200 Google Scholar.

15. Annual Report of the Director of Native Education, 1957, Salisbury, 1958, p. 1.

16. Annual Report of the Director of Native Education, 1962, Salisbury, 1963, p. 4.

17. Annual Report of the Director of Native Education, 1963, Salisbury, 1964, p. 7.

18. Annual Report of the Director of Native Education, 1965, Salisbury, 1966, p. 3.

19. Windrich, Elaine (ed.), The Rhodesian Problem, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975, p. 175 Google Scholar.

20. African Education Annual Report, 1966, Salisbury, 1967, p. 5.

21. Elaine Windrich (ed.), op. cit., p. 183.

22. Annual Report: African Education 1970, Salisbury, 1971, p. 16.

23. Hirsch, Morris I., A Decade of Crisis, Salisbury, Mardon Printers, 1973, pp. 102-3Google Scholar.

24. Elaine Windrich (ed.), op. cit., p. 183.

25. Riddell, Roger, Education for Employment: From Rhodesia to Zimbabwe, London, Catholic Institute for International Relations, 1980, p. 23 Google Scholar.

26. Dzingai Mutumbuka, “Foundation of a New mentality,” Zimbabwe News, 10:6, November-December 1978, pp. 57, 60.

27. M. W. Murphree, G. Cheater, B. J. Dorsey, and B.D. Mothobi, Education, Race, and Employment in Rhodesia, Salisbury, Association of Round Tables in Central Africa, 1975, p. 150.

28. Tony Hodges, “Rhodesia: Counterinsurgency and the Rage of Rural Blacks,” Africa Report, 25:5, September-October, 1977, pp. 16-17.

29. The Sunday Times, London, February 19, 1978.

30. Meredith, Martin, The Past is Another Country: Rhodesia, 1890-1979. London, Andre Deutsch, 1979, pp. 341-42Google Scholar.

31. The Herald, August 25, 1978.

32. Gary Thatcher, “Zimbabwe: Rebuilding,” Christian Science Monitor, March 13, 1980.

33. Weinrich, A. K., “Strategic Resettlement in Rhodesia,” Journal of Southern African Studies, 3:2, April 1977, p. 228 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

34. The New York Times, February 3, 1979.

35. Roger Riddell, op. cit., p. 48.

36. Mwenje, ZANU Political Programme 2, August 1, 1972, p. 36.

37. Ibid., p. 37.

38. Mutumbuka, Dzingai, “Foundation of a New Mentality,” Zimbabwe News, 10:6, November-December, 1978, p. 60 Google Scholar.

39. ZANU Election Manifesto, Salisbury, 1980.

40. Roger Riddell, op. cit., p. 13.

41. Roger Riddell, ibid., p. 17.