Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-21T22:29:40.808Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Social institutions and access to resources

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2011

Sara Berry
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

For over a decade African economies have been plagued by recurrent food shortages, economic decline and growing disparities between the living standards of rich and poor. To a large extent food shortages and rural impoverishment may be attributed to external shocks—world recession, oil price shocks, deteriorating terms of trade and mounting debt service obligations—compounded in the 1970s and early 1980s by drought and war. In addition government policies have exacerbated the effects of adverse environmental and world market trends, aggravating rather than alleviating food shortages and depressing rural output and incomes.

Résumé

Institutions sociales, accès aux ressources et changements agraires en Afrique

Pendant plus d'une décennie, les économies africaines ont périodiquement souffert de pénuries alimentaires, du déclin économique et des disproportions croissantes du niveau de vie entre les pauvres et les riches. Cet article décrit quelques unes des stratégies employées par les fermiers pour enrayer la crise et explore leurs implications en matière de performance agricole. On soutient que 1) la prolifération des voies d'accès développe la diversification, l'investissement dans les relations sociales et une préférence pour la rapidité de rendement et les liquidités tout en étant renforcée par ceux-ci; et que 2) la perpétuation des accès grâce à l'identité sociale entraîne un autre investissement dans les institutions comme voies d'accès potentielles.

Type
Access, control and use of resources in African agriculture
Information
Africa , Volume 59 , Issue 1: Access, control and use of resources in African Agriculture , January 1989 , pp. 41 - 55
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ambler, Charles. 1987. Kenyan Communities in the Age of Imperialism. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Amin, Samir. 1974. Modem Migrations in West Africa. London: Oxford University Press for the International African Institution.Google Scholar
Beinart, William. 1980. ‘Labour migrancy and rural production: Pondoland c. 1900–1950’, in Mayer, P. (ed.), Black Villagers in an Industrial Society: anthropological perspectives on labour migration in Southern Africa, pp. 81–108. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Berry, Sara. 1975. Cocoa, Custom and Socio-economic Change in Rural Western Nigeria. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Berry, Sara 1985. Fathers Work for Their Sons: accumulation, mobility and class formation in an extended Yoruba community. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berry, Sara 1988. ‘Property rights and rural resource management: the case of tree crops in West Africa’, Cahiers des Sciences Humaines, 24 (1): 3–16.Google Scholar
Berry, Sara forthcoming. ‘Concentration without privatisation: some agrarian consequences of changing patterns of rural land control in Africa’, in Downs, R. and Reyna, S. (eds.), Land and Society in Contemporary Africa. Durham, NH: University Press of New England.Google Scholar
Bledsoe, Caroline, 1980. Women and Marriage in Kpelle Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Bukh, Jette. 1979. The Village Woman in Ghana. Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies.Google Scholar
Chauveau, Jean-Pierre. 1979. ‘Economie de plantation et “nouveaux milieux sociaux”,’ Cahiers ORSTOM, 16 (1–2): 59–82.Google Scholar
Chazan, Naomi. 1982. An Anatomy of Ghanaian Politics. Boulder, Co: Westview.Google Scholar
Comaroff, John (ed.). 1980. The Meaning of Marriage Payments. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Cowen, Michael. 1981. ‘Commodity production in Kenya's Central Province’, in Heyer, J., Roberts, P. and Williams, G. (eds.), Rural Development in Tropical Africa, pp. 121–42. New York: St Martins Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cruise O'Brien, Donal. 1970. The Mourides of Senegal. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Dunn, John, and Robertson, A. F. 1973. Dependence and Opportunity: political change in Brong Ahafo (Ghana). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Eades, Jeremy. 1980. The Yoruba Today. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ferguson, James. 1985. ‘The bovine mystique’, Man, n.s., 20 (4): 647–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Francis, Paul. 1984. ‘”For the use and common benefit of all Nigerians”: consequences of the 1978 land nationalisation decree’, Africa, 54 (3): 5–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fresco, Louise. 1982. ‘Women and cassava production’, Rome: FAO. (Mimeographed.)Google Scholar
Fresco, Louise 1986. Cassava in Shifting Cultivation. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute.Google Scholar
Freund, Bill. 1984. ‘Labor and labor history in Africa: a review of the literature’, African Studies Review, 27 (2): 1–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guyer, Jane. 1984. ‘Women in the rural economy’, in Hay, Jean and Stichter, Sharon (eds.), African Women South of the Sahara, pp. 19–32. London & New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Guyer, Jane 1986. ‘Family law and resettlement in South Africa’, paper presented at the 29th annual meeting of the African Studies Association, Madison, Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Hart, Keith. 1978. ‘Economic basis of Tallensi social history’, in Dalton, G. (ed.), Research in Economic Anthropology, Vol. I, pp. 185–216. Greenwich, Ct: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Hart, Keith 1982. Political Economy of West African Agriculture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haswell, Margaret. 1973. Tropical Farming Economics. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Haugerud, Angelique. 1983. ‘The consequences of land tenure reform among smallholders in the Kenya highlands’, Rural Africana, n.s., 15–16: 65–90.Google Scholar
Hill, Polly. 1963. Migrant Cocoa Farmers of Southern Ghana. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hill, Polly 1977. Population, Prosperity and Poverty: rural Kano, 1900 and 1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Johnny, M., Karimu, J., and Richards, P. (eds.). 1981. ‘Upland and swamp rice farming systems in Sierra Leone’, Africa, 51 (2): 596–620.Google Scholar
Lewis, John van Dusen. 1981. ‘Domestic labor intensity and the incorporation of Malian peasant fanners into localized descent groups’, American Ethnologist, 8 (1): 53–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lovejoy, Paul. 1983. Transformations in Slavery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
MacGaffey, Wyatt. 1983. ‘Lineage structure, marriage and the family amongst the central Bantu’, Journal of African History, 24 (2): 173–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayer, Philip (ed.). 1980. Black Villagers in an Industrial Society: anthropological perspectives on labour migration in Southern Africa. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Motzafi, Pnina. 1985. ‘Whither the “true Bushmen”?: the dynamics of perpetual marginality’, paper presented to the International Symposium on African Hunter-Gatherers, Cologne.Google Scholar
Murray, Colin. 1981. Families Divided. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Murray, Colin 1987. ‘Class, gender and household: the developmental cycle in Southern Africa’, Development and Change, 18 (2): 235–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norman, David, Simmons, E., and Hays, H. 1982. Farming Systems in the Nigerian Savannah. Boulder, Co: Westview.Google Scholar
Okali, Christine. 1983. Cocoa and Kinship in Ghana: the matrilineal Akan. London: Kegan Paul International for the International African Institute.Google Scholar
Okoth-Ogendo, H. W. O. 1976. ‘African land tenure reform’, in Heyer, J., Maitha, J. and Senga, W. (eds.), Agricultural Development in Kenya. Nairobi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Parkin, David J. 1969. Neighbors and Nationals in an African City Ward. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parkin, David J. 1972. Palms, Wine and Witnesses. San Francisco: Chandler.Google Scholar
Parkin, David J. 1978. Cultural Definition of Political Response. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Peace, Adrian. 1979. Choice, Class and Conflict: factory workers in a southern Nigerian town. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Peel, John D. Y. 1983. Ijeshas and Nigerians. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Peters, Pauline. 1983. ‘Cattlemen, Borehole Syndicates and Privatisation in the Kgatleng District of Botswana’, PhD thesis, Boston University.Google Scholar
Pottier, Johan. 1983. ‘Defunct labour reserve: Mambwe villages in the post-migration economy’, Africa, 53 (2): 2–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, Paul. 1986. Coping with Hunger: hazard and experiment in an African rice-farming system. London: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Robertson, A. F. 1983. ‘Abusa: the structural history of an economic contract’, Journal of Development Studies, 18 (4): 447–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, Paul. 1987. ‘Land as a right to membership: land tenure dynamics in a peripheral area of the Kano close settled zone’, in Watts, M. (ed.), State and Agriculture in Nigeria, pp 223–47. Berkeley, Ca: Institute of International Studies.Google Scholar
Sandbrook, Richard. 1986. ‘The state and economic stagnation in Africa’, World Development, 14 (3): 319–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saul, Mahir. 1983. ‘Work parties, wages and accumulation in a Voltaic village’, American Ethnologist, 10 (1): 77–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, A. 1979. ‘Colonisation agricole spontanee et emergence de nouveaux milieux sociauxdans le sud-ouest ivoirien’, Cahiers ORMSTON, ser. Sci. Hum., 16 (1–2): 83–102.Google Scholar
Shack, William, and Elliott, Skinner P. (eds.). 1979. Strangers in African Societies. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Sharp, John, and Spiegel, Andrew. 1985. ‘Vulnerability to impoverishment in South African rural areas: the erosion of kinship and neighbourhood as social resources’, Africa, 55 (2): 133–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shipton, Parker. 1985. ‘Land, Credit and Crop Transitions in Kenya’, PhD thesis, Cambridge University.Google Scholar
Snyder, Francis. 1981. Capitalism and Legal Change: an African transformation. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Spiegel, Andrew. 1980. ‘Rural differentiation and the diffusion of migrant labour remittances in Lesotho’, in Mayer, P. (ed.), Black Villagers in An Industrial Society: anthropological perspectives on labour migration in Southern Africa, pp. 109–68. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Starr, Martha. 1987. ‘Risk, environmental variability and drought-induced impoverishment in the pastoral economy of central Niger’, Africa, 57 (1): 29–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stichter, Sharon. 1982. Migrant labour and Capitalism in Kenya. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Swindell, Ken. 1985. Farm Labour. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Vaughan, Megan. 1983. ‘Which family? Problems in the reconstruction of the history of the family in Africa’, Journal of African History, 24:275–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watts, Michael. 1983. Silent Violence: food, famine and peasantry in northern Nigeria. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Weigel, Jean-Yves. 1982. Migration et production domestique des Soninkes du Sénégal. Paris: ORSTOM.Google Scholar
Williamson, John (ed.). 1983. IMF Conditionality. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins.Google Scholar
Wolpe, Harold. 1972. ‘Capitalism and cheap labour power in South Africa: from segregation to apartheid’, Economy and Society, 1 (4): 425–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar