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Insanity among the Bemba of Northern Rhodesia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 August 2012

Extract

This article is concerned with tribal ideas on insanity among the Bemba of the Northern Province of Northern Rhodesia.

Dr. Alan Gregg, the Director of Medical Services Division of the Rockefeller Foundation, states that ‘Psychiatry as the study of disordered conduct is intimate to an almost suspicious degree with ethics, with cultural anthropology, with sociology, with metaphysics, with religion, with artistic activities . . . ’, and adds that many mental disorders are ‘often discernible only in terms of the patient's relationships with other human beings in some given intellectual or cultural or social or moral system’. He thus definitely emphasizes the necessity of studying the sociological background of the insane patient when cures are attempted.

Résumé

L'ALIÉNATION MENTALE PARMI LES BEMBA DE LA RHODÉSIE DU NORD

L'auteur traite des idées des Bemba concernant divers types d'aliénation mentale, les catégories selon lesquelles ils sont classifiés, les notions quant aux causes de la démence, et les méthodes de traitement et de guérison. Il attire l'attention sur le fait que la classification adoptée par les Bemba correspond, à certains égards, à celle employée par les médecins européens et, en outre, que certaines des causes d'aliénation mentale seraient également reconnues par des praticiens européens. Dependant, les Bemba imaginent que plusieurs types de la démence ou de l'idiotie résultent de l'impureté rituelle, du manquement à l'accomplissement de certaines cérémonies coutumières, ou à l'inobservation des tabous. Quelques types d'aliénation mentale sont considérés comme étant contagieux. Les Bemba reconnaissent des cas de possession par des esprits, mais ne les classent pas comme types de démence. Le traitement courant pour des cas d'aliénation mentale est l'administration de médicaments ou de bains sudorifiques.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1950

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References

page 46 note 1 Gregg, Alan, ‘What is Psychiatry?’, British Medical Journal, April 1944.Google Scholar

page 46 note 2 See also Laubscher, , Sex, Customs, and Psycho pathology, London 1957Google Scholar, for work based on similar assumptions.

page 46 note 3 Ritchie, workingin a neighbouring area, explains certain customs and characteristics of adult Africans in terms of their early experiences, according to the tenets of the Freudian School (The African as suckling and adult, Rhodes-Livingstone paper No. 9, 1943)Google Scholar. We seek instead to give the beliefs of a particular people concerning the abnormal and their explanations of the causes of insanity.

page 52 note 1 Army Doctor versus Witch Doctor, Ministry of Information, Nairobi, April 1945.Google Scholar

page 52 note 2 Social Welfare and Research in British West Africa’, Africa, 17, 2, 3, April, July, 1947Google Scholar.