¹ These have included the Tropical African Studies Conference (Ibadan, 1964), the International Con- ferencc on African Bibliography (Nairobi, 1967), and International Seminars on Social Change in Modern Africa (Makerere, 1959), Land Rights and Land Use in Tropical Africa (Lovanium, 1960), African Systems of Thought, Religious Belief and Ritual, Traditional and Modern (Salisbury, 1960), Aican Ethno-History (Dakar, 1962), The In- fluence of Islam in Tropical Africa (Zaria, 1964), The Emergence of New Social Classes and the Roles of Elites in Contemporary Africa (Ibadan, 1964), The Influence of Christianity in Tropical Africa (Legon, 1965), Concepts and Procedures in African Law (Addis Ababa, 1966), Language Use African Ethno-History (Dakar, 1962), The Influence of Islam in Tropical Africa (Zaria, 1964), The Emergence of New Social Classes and the Roles of Elites in Contemporary Africa (Ibadan, 1964), The Influence of Christianity in Tropical Africa (Legon, 1965), Concepts and Procedures in African Law (Addis Ababa, 1966), Language Use and Social Change (Dar es Salaam, 1968), African Trade and Markets in West Africa (Fourah Bay, 1969), Modern Migrations in Western Africa (Dakar, 1972), Town and Country in Central and Eastern Africa (Lusaka, 1972), Pastoralism in Tropical Africa (Niamey, 1972).

² See Dalby, D. and Church, R. J. Harrison (eds.), Drought in Africa (Report of the 1973 Symposium), School of Oriental and African Studies, London, 1973.Google Scholar Further materials from the 1973 Symposium have been published in Savanna (Zaria), December 1973 and in African Affairs (London), April 1974.Google Scholar For related topics discussed at the International African Institute Seminar on Pastoralism in Tropical Africa (held at Niamey in 1972), see Monod, Th. (ed.), Pastoralism in Tropical Africa, O.U.P. for I.A.I. (in press)Google Scholar.

³ For previous research work and publications sponsored by the I.A.I, in the field of African languages, see A Practical Orthography of African Languages (1st edn., 1927,Google Scholar revised 1930); Westermann, D. and Ward, I. C., Practical Phonetics for Students of African Languages (1st edn., 1933)Google Scholar; Handbook of African Languages, 8 volumes (1945-1966)Google Scholar; Linguistic Survey of the Northern Bantu Borderlands, 3 volumes (1956–1957);Google ScholarWhiteley, W. H., Language Use and Social Change: Problems of Multilingualism with Special Reference to Eastern Africa, O.U.P. for I.A.I., 1971; etcGoogle Scholar.

⁴ For a presentation of this need, see Bamgbose, A., ‘Linguistics and Language Education: Problems and Policy’, in Educational Studies and Documents, 11, Unesco, 1973Google Scholar.