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‘Decentralised There, Centralised Here’: Local Governance and Paradoxes of Household Autonomy and Control in North-East Ethiopia, 1991–2001

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

Abstract

This article discusses whether Ethiopia's recent reorganisation into broadly decentralised, ethnically based regions was also accompanied by significant changes in the images and administrative practices through which state powers have been locally understood and experienced by ordinary citizens. Different scholars and politicians have viewed the local effects of these changes differently. Government officials and some scholars report ‘radical reversals’ from decades of monarchial despotism and socialist dictatorship to enhanced local autonomy and self-governance, while others counter this by noting the ‘continuation’ of earlier administrative practices. I draw on ethnographic material from fieldwork in Aba Sälama, a local administrative unit in Amhara, to show that decentralisation has increased the significance of local government as a site for competing interpretations of household autonomy and local-governance. Party members and elected farmer officials used the newly enhanced constitutional powers and funds of the local government to strengthen their own personal standing vis-à-vis their superiors at the district capital and fellow farmers in the community. Farmers for their part seized the rhetoric to demand more autonomy from local government which they still viewed as an extension of central state control over their lives and resources. As a consequence, one observes in Aba Sälama both decentralised and centralised administrative practices as local officials seek to accommodate this tension when performing their governmental duties.

rèsumè

Cet article traite de la question de savoir si la réorganisation récente de l'Éthiopie en régions largement décentralisées sur une base ethnique s'est également accompagnée de changements significatifs dans les images et les pratiques administratives à travers lesquelles la puissance de l'État a été localement comprise et vécue par le citoyen ordinaire. Les savants et les politiciens ont des visions différentes de l'effet de ces changements. Les fonctionnaires et certains savants rapportent des «renversements radicaux», de décennies de despotisme monarchique et de dictature socialiste vers une autonomie locale renforcée, tandis que d'autres s'opposent à cette vision en notant la «continuation» d'anciennes pratiques administratives. L'article s'inspire du matériel ethnographique de travaux de terrain menés à Aba Sälama, unité administrative locale d'Amhara, pour montrer que la décentralisation a amplifié l'importance du gouvernement local en tant que site d'interprétations concurrentes de l'autonomie des ménages. Les membres de partis et les représentants élus des agriculteurs ont usé des nouveaux pouvoirs constitutionnels accrus et des fonds du gouvernement local pour renforcer leur situation personnelle vis-à-vis de leurs supérieurs dans la capitale de district et des autres agriculteurs de la communauté. Les agriculteurs, pour leur part, se sont emparés de la rhétorique pour réclamer une plus grande autonomie par rapport au gouvernement local qu'ils continuaient de considérer comme un prolongement du contrôle étatique central sur leur existence et leurs ressources. En conséquence, on observe à Aba Sälama des pratiques administratives décentralisées et centralisées, les fonctionnaires locaux essayant de ménager cette tension dans l'exercice de leurs fonctions gouvernementales.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 2004

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