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The clash of sound, image and light: inter- and intra-religious entanglements and contestations during Mawlūd celebrations in the city of Jos, Nigeria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2022

Murtala Ibrahim*
Affiliation:
Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Abstract

This article explores recent inter- and intra-religious entanglements and contestations between Sufi Muslims, members of the Izala and Christianity, which have emerged as a result of a new way of celebrating Mawlūd in the Nigerian city of Jos. Through the adept use of loudspeakers, Izala projects a sense of dominance over the public sphere of the city and uses this as a platform to critique the Sufis. In part as a response, and as a counter-critique of Izala, the Sufis have rejuvenated their Mawlūd celebrations as a mass public spectacle, involving the use of Christmas lights to decorate the city and the construction at the entrance to major streets of temporary wooden arches decorated with flowers, Christmas lights, wreaths and images of Shaykh Ibrahim Nyass. This article argues that the Sufis, who are at a disadvantage in the practice of organized preaching and the use of sound media, have transformed the Mawlūd celebrations into a mechanism to counterbalance Izala’s dominance of the public sphere and to reassert their presence in the city. The Sufis’ incorporation of decorative Christmas objects reveals the fluid boundaries between Christians and Muslims in Nigeria, which sometimes generate dynamics of interreligious borrowing and mutual influence. This article attempts to remap and push the boundaries of studying Islam and Christianity in Nigeria, because focusing on one religion in isolation downplays the intertwining and intersection of practices between the two religious groups.

Résumé

Résumé

Cet article explore les imbrications inter- et intra-religieuses récentes et les contestations entre musulmans soufis, membres d’Izala et de la chrétienté, qui ont émergé des suites d’une nouvelle manière de célébrer le mawlūd dans la ville nigériane de Jos. Par l’utilisation habile de haut-parleurs, Izala projette un sentiment de domination sur la sphère publique de la ville et l’utilise comme plateforme pour critiquer les soufis. En partie comme une réponse, et comme une contre-critique d’Izala, les soufis ont rénové leur fête du mawlūd en grand spectacle public impliquant l’utilisation d’illuminations de Noël pour décorer la ville, ainsi que la construction, à l’entrée des rues principales, d’arches temporaires en bois décorées de fleurs, d’illuminations de Noël, de couronnes et d’images de Cheikh Ibrahim Niasse. Cet article soutient que les soufis, qui sont désavantagés dans la pratique du prêche organisé et l’utilisation du son comme média, ont transformé la fête du mawlūd en mécanisme pour contrebalancer la domination de la sphère publique par Izala et pour réaffirmer leur présence dans la ville. En incorporant des objets décoratifs de Noël, les soufis révèlent la fluidité des frontières entre chrétiens et musulmans au Nigeria, qui génère parfois des dynamiques d’emprunt interreligieux et d’influence mutuelle. Cet article tente de redessiner et de repousser les frontières de l’étude de l’islam et de la chrétienté au Nigeria, car en se concentrant sur une religion de manière isolée, cette étude minimise l’imbrication et l’intersection des pratiques entre ces deux groupes religieux.

Type
Islam and Muslim cultures in Nigeria
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the International African Institute

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